Table 5.
Meta-analysis results of preterm and term breast milk fat, lactose and oligosaccharide content over time
| |
Preterm |
Term |
Preterm & term compared |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fat (g/dL)♦ | ||||||||
| Time frame: | mean | SD | n | mean | SD | n | % difference | p-value |
| d 1-3 |
2.2 |
0.9 |
76 |
1.8 |
0.7 |
74 |
23 |
0.002 |
| d 4-7 |
3.0 |
1.2 |
111 |
2.6 |
0.8 |
136 |
16 |
0.002 |
| week 2 |
3.5 |
1.1 |
158 |
3.0 |
0.9 |
48 |
15 |
0.01 |
| week 3-4 |
3.5 |
1.0 |
180 |
3.4 |
0.8 |
127 |
5 |
0.12 |
| week 5-6 |
3.2 |
0.8 |
95 |
3.6 |
1.1 |
20 |
−11 |
0.07 |
| week 7-9 |
3.3 |
0.9 |
120 |
3.4 |
0.8 |
83 |
−3 |
0.38 |
| week 10-12 |
3.7 |
1.5 |
22 |
3.4 |
0.9 |
95 |
7 |
0.31 |
| Fat meta-analysis was limited to 24 hour collections. | ||||||||
|
♦ References: [6,11,12,18,19,22,121-123,125,127,142,144,146] | ||||||||
|
Lactose (kcal/dL)♦♦ | ||||||||
|
Time frame: |
mean |
SD |
n |
mean |
SD |
n |
% difference |
p-value |
| d 1-3 |
5.1 |
0.7 |
95 |
5.6 |
0.6 |
59 |
−9 |
< 0.00001* |
| d 4-7 |
6.3 |
1.1 |
114 |
6.0 |
1.0 |
281 |
4 |
0.009 |
| week 2 |
5.7 |
0.8 |
231 |
6.2 |
0.6 |
100 |
−8 |
< 0.00001* |
| week 3-4 |
6.0 |
0.5 |
225 |
6.7 |
0.7 |
193 |
−10 |
< 0.00001* |
| week 5-6 |
5.8 |
0.6 |
104 |
6.1 |
1.0 |
22 |
−6 |
0.06 |
| week 7-9 |
6.3 |
0.4 |
123 |
6.5 |
0.5 |
646 |
−2 |
< 0.00001* |
| week 10-12 |
6.8 |
0.3 |
28 |
6.7 |
0.7 |
58 |
2 |
0.47 |
|
♦♦References: [6,11,12,19,21-23,121,123,129-131,135,140,143,146,147] | ||||||||
|
Oligosaccharides (g/dL) ♦♦♦ |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Time frame: |
mean |
SD |
n |
mean |
SD |
n |
% difference |
p-value |
| d 1-3 |
- |
- |
- |
1.6 |
0.2 |
9 |
- |
- |
| days 4-7 |
2.1 |
0.4 |
89 |
1.9 |
0.4 |
93 |
12 |
0.0009 |
| week 2 (days 7–14) |
2.1 |
0.5 |
89 |
1.9 |
0.4 |
54 |
7 |
0.004 |
| week 3–4 (days 15–30) |
1.7 |
0.3 |
152 |
1.6 |
0.3 |
46 |
12 |
0.27 |
| week 5-6 |
- |
- |
- |
1.4 |
0.3 |
46 |
- |
- |
| week 7-9 |
- |
- |
- |
1.3 |
0.3 |
46 |
- |
- |
| week 10-12 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| ♦♦♦References: [140,141,143,147]. | ||||||||
*Statistically significant difference. In compensation for multiple comparisons, an approximate Bonferroni adjustment was made and the p-value for statistical significance was < 0.001.