Table 6.
Meta-analysis results of preterm and term breast milk mineral content over time
| Preterm | Term | Preterm & term compared | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Calcium (mg/dL)♦ | ||||||||
|
Time frame: |
mean |
SD |
n |
mean |
SD |
n |
% difference |
p-value |
| d 1-3 |
25 |
9 |
50 |
26 |
6 |
26 |
−3 |
0.6 |
| d 4-7 |
27 |
9 |
88 |
26 |
4 |
86 |
5 |
0.34 |
| week 2 |
25 |
7 |
116 |
28 |
7 |
100 |
−10 |
0.002 |
| week 3-4 |
25 |
6 |
108 |
27 |
5 |
85 |
−8 |
0.01 |
| week 5-6 |
28 |
6 |
41 |
25 |
6 |
223 |
11 |
0.004 |
| week 7-9 |
30 |
6 |
37 |
26 |
6 |
363 |
15 |
0.0002* |
| week 10-12 |
29 |
5 |
30 |
27 |
3 |
13 |
6 |
0.17 |
|
♦ References: [11-15,23,88,129,131,145,146] | ||||||||
|
Phosphate (mg/dL)♦♦ | ||||||||
|
Time frame: |
mean |
SD |
n |
mean |
SD |
n |
% difference |
p-value |
| d 1-3 |
10 |
7 |
7 |
11 |
3 |
6 |
−14 |
0.62 |
| d 4-7 |
13 |
4 |
79 |
13 |
4 |
86 |
3 |
0.50 |
| week 2 |
15 |
3 |
67 |
15 |
4 |
90 |
−4 |
0.44 |
| week 3-4 |
14 |
3 |
56 |
16 |
3 |
75 |
−14 |
0.0004* |
| week 5-6 |
13 |
2 |
33 |
16 |
3 |
213 |
−16 |
< 0.0001* |
| week 7-9 |
14 |
2 |
29 |
16 |
3 |
363 |
−13 |
0.002 |
| week 10-12 |
12 |
2 |
22 |
14 |
3 |
13 |
−19 |
0.03 |
| ♦♦ References: [12,13,15,23,88,129,131,146] | ||||||||
*Statistically significant difference. In compensation for multiple comparisons, an approximate Bonferroni adjustment was made and the p-value for statistical significance was < 0.001.