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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 19.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2008 Jun 2;117(23):2995–3001. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758532

Table 1.

Contributors to Diagnostic Error10

Administrative or data entry errors
  Incorrect name assigned to imaging data
  Scheduling error
  Incorrect data entry
Procedural or conditional factors
  Failure to confirm patient identity or diagnosis
  Incomplete examination of anatomy or physiology
  Poor imaging environment
  Failure to improve imaging conditions when possible
Communication or information errors
  Lacking or misleading patient history
  No access to prior studies
  Failure to report critical findings in a timely fashion to referring physician
  Incorrect requisition (unintended or no clinical question asked)
Cognitive errors
  Insufficient knowledge base
  Insufficient technical skills
  Faulty data synthesis
    Lack of consideration of a patient’s situation/condition that is relevant to diagnosis
    Misidentification/interpretation of a finding on echocardiography
    Premature closure of case
    Distraction by other diagnoses, findings, or focused question
    Underappreciation/consideration of a finding
    Overappreciation of a finding
    Confirmation bias
    Incorrect or improper calculation
Technical factors
  Artifact
  Modality limitation
  Poor acoustic windows
  Equipment malfunction
Patient- or disease-related factors
  Rare or complex anatomy
  Misleading anatomy or physiology