TABLE 4.

Characteristics of HSAs Stratified by Export Rates^a for PN and RC^b

	PN			RC
	Low-Export HSAs	High-Export HSAs	P	Low-Export HSAs	High-Export HSAs	P
HSA characteristics
No. of HSAs	44	10		39	14
Total population	112,635±174,456	62,729±81,747	.18	115,427±180,984	75,972±96,314	.31
Percent nonwhite	16.4±12.4	14.3±12.5	.32	15.1±9.3	17.0±12.6	.61
Percent with college degree	15.4±6.8	10.7±3.8	.007	15.8±6.9	10.9±3.6	.001
Percent high school only	27.2±6.1	30.4±4.8	.09	27.0±6.2	30.0±4.9	.08
SES indexc	–0.17±1.47	–1.12±1.19	.04	–0.07±1.35	–1.08±1.24	.02
Age-adjusted rated	33.7±16.3	31.5±13.7	.66	20.0±11.7	20.2±8.0	.93

Abbreviations: HSA, hospital service area; PN, partial nephrectomy; RC, radical cystectomy, SES, socioeconomic status.

^aA high export rate indicates that >50% of patients undergoing PN or RC undergo surgery out of their hospital referral region.

^bBold type indicates a statistically significant result.

^cThe SES index is a composite of US population standardized HSA characteristics (z-scores) including percentage of the population with a college education, percentage of the population with a high school education only, percentage of the population with income from interest/dividends, and percentage of the population with a professional occupation; each point equals 1 standard deviation away from the population mean.

^dAge-adjusted rate of PN and RC, respectively, per 100,000 population.