Figure 5. Comparison of validities for all surveillance strategies using EARS ∼ 3Cs algorithms.

CV: clinic visit surveillance; EARS: the Early Aberration Reporting System; OTC: over-the-counter frequency surveillance; SA: school absence surveillance. Overall single-stream surveillance contains strategies of CV, OTC, and SA; overall multi-stream surveillance contains strategies of CV + OTC, CV + SA, OTC + SA, and CV + OTC + SA.