Table 2. Number of individuals, haplotype designation, and genetic diversity for the sampled populations grouped according to geographical origin.

Group	N. Individuals (samples)	N. haplotypes	Distribution of Haplotypes (n)	Haplotype Diversity (Hd)	Nucleotide diversity (Pi)	Tajima's D test (p value)	Fu's Fs test (p value)
H. armigera
Pooled	139 (14)	31	-	0.821	0.0028	−1.729 (<0.01)	−26.361 (<0.01)
Winter cropping	69 (6)	19	H1(22); H2(9); H3(21); H4(1); H5(1); H6(1); H7(1); H8(1); H9(1); H10(1); H11(1); H12(2); H13(2); H14(1); H15(1); H16(1); H17(1); H18(1); H19(1).	0.805	0.0028	−1.608 ( = 0.03)	−11.891 (<0.01)
Summer cropping	70 (8)	19	H1(22); H2(13); H3(11); H4(4); H12(4); H13(2); H14(1); H20(1); H21(1); H22(1); H23(1); H24(1); H25(2); H26(1); H27(1); H28(1); H29(1); H30(1); H31(1).	0.835	0.0028	−1.353 ( = 0.07)	−11.254 (<0.01)
H. zea
Pooled	135 (16)	20	-	0.420	0.0011	−2.190 (<0.01)	−22.912 (<0.01)
Winter cropping	65 (8)	11	H1(50); H2(1); H3(1); H4(1); H5(3); H6(2); H7(1); H8(1); H9(1); H10(2); H11(2).	0.408	0.0009	−2.156 (<0.01)	−9.735 (<0.01)
Summer cropping	70 (8)	13	H1(53); H2(1); H5(1); H11(1); H12(1); H13(1); H14(2); H15(1); H16(1); H17(1); H18(2); H19(3); H20(2).	0.427	0.0012	−1.967 (<0.01)	−10.411 (<0.01)