Figure 5.

Tissue-engineering-based strategies for regenerative endodontics in immature teeth. Strategies have included the incorporation of (i) therapeutic agents, such as antimicrobial drugs to be released and promote root canal disinfection, as well as (ii) bioactive molecules that can trigger stem cell differentiation to aid in regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex. Stage I: Disinfection of the root canal using irrigant solutions. Stage II: Bioactive nanofibrous scaffold with antibiotics as intracanal medication. Stage III: Nanofibrous scaffold with growth factors and/or stem cells. Stage IV: Pulp tissue formation. Stage V: Dentin formation. (Histology of pulp-like tissue formation, adapted with permission from Rosa et al., 2013.)