Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of gelatin scaffold manufacturing procedures and experimental groups. After removal of periodontal ligament, the cementum layer, and pulp tissues from extracted teeth, modeling paste and paraffin were used to produce paraffin teeth (left). For the gelatin mold, cylindrical paraffin molds were manufactured with an 18.0-mm height by 13.0-mm diameter, and a reservoir was designed with a 15.0-mm height by 7.0-mm diameter (middle). Crosslinked gelatin scaffolds at 10 wt/v% were directionally frozen with dry ice, and freeze-drying was utilized for sublimation (bottom).