Neuron-glia cultures incubated an hour prior to LPS stimulation (15 ng/ml for seven days) with 20 μg/ml of anti-GDNF antibody displayed a significant reduction in DA uptake function (A) (LPS vs. GDNF Ab, t=6.334, *P < 0.05; GDNF Ab vs. isotype control IgG, t=10.40, *P < 0.05, post hoc analysis by Bonferroni t-test), but not altered the culture supernatant TNF-α level (B) compared to stimulated cultures with and without isotype control antibodies. Data show mean ± SEM from four independent experiments done in duplicate.