Table 1.

Phytochemical constituents in crude extract of I. rugosus

S. no	Phytochemicals	Observations	Results
1	Alkaloids	Turbidity/precipitation	+
2	Flavonoids	Formation of yellow color which changed to colorless on acid addition	+
3	Saponins	Formation of frothing bubbles	+
4	Tannins	Formation of bluish-black color	+
5	Sterols	green to pink color was absent	-
6	Glycosides	Formation of red color precipitate	+
7	Anthraquinones	Formation of red, violet or pink color in aqueous layer	+
8	Terpenoids	Appearance of reddish brown color	+
9	Oils	Formation of Greasy spot	+

Positive symbol (+) shows the presence while negative symbol (-) shows the absence of phytochemicals.