Table 1.

Regulation of Snail1 expression

Direct regulators	Interaction location	Upstream pathway(s)	Reference(s)
LOXL2/3	SNAG domain; K98 and K127	Notch/Lox	[17]
NF-κB	Promoter: -194 to -78 bp	TNFα, RANKL, PI3K/Akt	[20],[43],[44]
HIF-1α	Promoter: -750 to -643 bp	Hypoxic conditions	[19]
SMADs	Promoter: -631 to -506 bp	TGF-β1, Ras	[45],[46]
IKKα	Promoter: -631 to -506 bp (concurrent with SMADs)	TGF-β1, Ras, PI3K/Akt	[21],[44],[46]
HMGA2	Promoter: 2 regions within -131 to -92 bp	TGF-β1	[22]
YY1	3’ Enhancer	NF-κB	[30]
Egr-1	Promoter: 4 sites between -450 and -50 bp	HGF, MAPK	[29]
PARP-1	Promoter: SIRE	ILK	[23]
Gli1	There are 4 candidate GLI binding sites (consensus sequence for binding: 5'-GACCACCCA-3')	Shh, Wnt	[26]
STAT3	Promoter	IL-6/JAK, HB-EGF/EGFR/MEK/ERK (mice)	[24],[25]
MTA3	Promoter	ER	[27],[28]
PAK1	S246		[36]
GSK-3β	Motif 1 (S96, S100, S104) and Motif 2 (S107, S111, S115, S119)	Wnt, PI3K/Akt, FGF	[33],[34]
Snail1	Promoter: E box within SIRE	Binds to own promoter	[31]