Table 4.
HRs (95% CIs) of CHD according to different levels of BMI during follow-up and at last visit among various subpopulationsa
| BMI (kg/m2) |
P for trend | P for interaction | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <25.0 | 25.0–29.9 | 30–34.9 | 35–39.9 | ≥40 | |||
| Follow-up | |||||||
| Men | |||||||
| Age groups (years) | >0.25 | ||||||
| <50 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.86–1.34) | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) | 1.43 (1.13–1.81) | 1.58 (1.25–2.00) | <0.001 | |
| 50–59 | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.90–1.52) | 1.36 (1.08–1.71) | 1.59 (1.25–2.02) | 1.52 (1.18–1.95) | <0.001 | |
| ≥60 | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.89–1.41) | 1.10 (0.86–1.39) | 1.34 (1.02–1.77) | 1.07 (0.76–1.49) | 0.22 | |
| Race | >0.10 | ||||||
| African American | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 1.14 (0.95–1.36) | 1.50 (1.23–1.82) | 1.62 (1.31–2.01) | <0.001 | |
| White | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.03–1.53) | 1.41 (1.16–1.72) | 1.62 (1.31–1.99) | 1.56 (1.26–1.94) | <0.001 | |
| Smoking status | <0.05 | ||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.23 (0.99–1.53) | 1.40 (1.12–1.73) | 1.73 (1.38–2.17) | 1.93 (1.53–2.43) | <0.001 | |
| Ever or current | 1.00 | 1.27 (1.04–1.55) | 1.34 (1.09–1.64) | 1.61 (1.29–2.03) | 1.36 (1.05–1.76) | <0.001 | |
| Glucose-lowering medication | >0.25 | ||||||
| No use | 1.00 | 1.55 (1.18–2.05) | 1.46 (1.08–1.96) | 1.71 (1.24–2.37) | 1.86 (1.32–2.62) | 0.001 | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.85–1.45) | 1.33 (1.02–1.73) | 1.44 (1.07–1.93) | 1.60 (1.18–2.18) | <0.001 | |
| Metformin | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.95–1.48) | 1.36 (1.09–1.70) | 1.62 (1.28–2.05) | 1.64 (1.29–2.10) | <0.001 | |
| Sulfonylureas | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.77–1.24) | 1.13 (0.90–1.43) | 1.37 (1.07–1.75) | 1.35 (1.04–1.76) | <0.001 | |
| Other oral agents | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.78–1.78) | 1.41 (0.94–2.09) | 1.56 (1.03–2.35) | 1.79 (1.18–2.71) | <0.001 | |
| Insulin | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.95–1.46) | 1.32 (1.06–1.64) | 1.64 (1.31–2.05) | 1.63 (1.29–2.07) | <0.001 | |
| Women | |||||||
| Age groups (years) | >0.25 | ||||||
| <50 | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.87–1.40) | 1.16 (0.92–1.45) | 1.21 (0.97–1.52) | 1.14 (0.92–1.42) | 0.18 | |
| 50–59 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 1.11 (0.90–1.36) | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | 0.030 | |
| ≥60 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.71–1.07) | 0.84 (0.69–1.03) | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | 1.01 (0.81–1.27) | 0.42 | |
| Race | >0.25 | ||||||
| African American | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) | 1.15 (0.98–1.36) | <0.001 | |
| White | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.89–1.28) | 1.01 (0.84–1.20) | 1.19 (1.00–1.43) | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) | 0.044 | |
| Smoking status | >0.90 | ||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) | 1.15 (0.96–1.36) | 1.19 (1.01–1.42) | <0.001 | |
| Ever or current | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.92–1.41) | 1.15 (0.93–1.42) | 1.31 (1.06–1.64) | 1.20 (0.96–1.49) | 0.036 | |
| Glucose-lowering medication | >0.10 | ||||||
| No use | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.84–1.40) | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | 1.33 (1.02–1.73) | 1.38 (1.06–1.79) | 0.002 | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.77–1.20) | 0.94 (0.76–1.17) | 0.94 (0.75–1.18) | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 0.35 | |
| Metformin | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | 1.21 (0.99–1.47) | 1.21 (0.99–1.47) | 0.035 | |
| Sulfonylureas | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 0.17 | |
| Other oral agents | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.71–1.31) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.88 (0.64–1.20) | 0.92 (0.68–1.25) | 0.76 | |
| Insulin | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.85–1.31) | 1.10 (0.89–1.35) | 1.26 (1.02–1.56) | 1.29 (1.05–1.59) | <0.001 | |
| Last visit | |||||||
| Men | |||||||
| Age groups (years) | >0.25 | ||||||
| <50 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | 1.14 (0.92–1.41) | 1.45 (1.16–1.81) | 1.50 (1.20–1.87) | <0.001 | |
| 50–59 | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.01–1.55) | 1.37 (1.10–1.69) | 1.56 (1.24–1.96) | 1.50 (1.19–1.91) | <0.001 | |
| ≥60 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.89–1.36) | 1.13 (0.90–1.41) | 1.24 (0.95–1.63) | 1.17 (0.86–1.60) | 0.09 | |
| Race | >0.10 | ||||||
| African American | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | 1.15 (0.97–1.36) | 1.42 (1.17–1.72) | 1.61 (1.32–1.97) | <0.001 | |
| White | 1.00 | 1.26 (1.04–1.51) | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | 1.58 (1.30–1.93) | 1.53 (1.25–1.87) | <0.001 | |
| Smoking status | >0.05 | ||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.25 (1.02–1.52) | 1.44 (1.19–1.76) | 1.66 (1.35–2.05) | 1.95 (1.58–2.41) | <0.001 | |
| Ever or current | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) | 1.19 (0.98–1.44) | 1.50 (1.20–1.88) | 1.25 (0.98–1.59) | 0.003 | |
| Glucose-lowering medication | >0.10 | ||||||
| No use | 1.00 | 1.54 (1.19–2.00) | 1.41 (1.06–1.86) | 1.69 (1.25–2.30) | 1.65 (1.18–2.32) | 0.004 | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 1.42 (1.08–1.88) | 1.61 (1.21–2.14) | <0.001 | |
| Metformin | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.82–1.21) | 1.23 (1.01–1.49) | 1.40 (1.13–1.73) | 1.48 (1.19–1.83) | <0.001 | |
| Sulfonylureas | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 1.19 (0.96–1.47) | 1.40 (1.11–1.78) | 1.34 (1.06–1.71) | <0.001 | |
| Other oral agents | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.66–1.41) | 1.26 (0.88–1.81) | 1.38 (0.94–2.02) | 1.46 (1.00–2.14) | <0.001 | |
| Insulin | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) | 1.22 (1.00–1.48) | 1.38 (1.12–1.70) | 1.47 (1.19–1.82) | <0.001 | |
| Women | |||||||
| Age groups (years) | >0.25 | ||||||
| <50 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.75–1.14) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 0.75 | |
| 50–59 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.72–1.04) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.99 (0.83–1.20) | 1.05 (0.87–1.25) | 0.055 | |
| ≥60 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | 0.99 (0.81–1.22) | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | 0.66 | |
| Race | >0.25 | ||||||
| African American | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.72–0.97) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | 0.001 | |
| White | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 0.14 | |
| Smoking status | >0.90 | ||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | 0.005 | |
| Ever or current | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 1.18 (0.96–1.45) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | 0.26 | |
| Glucose-lowering medication | 0.262 | ||||||
| No use | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.73–1.19) | 1.15 (0.91–1.45) | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) | 1.23 (0.96–1.58) | 0.016 | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 0.87 (0.71–1.06) | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) | 0.85 (0.69–1.05) | 0.23 | |
| Metformin | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.86–1.22) | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 0.11 | |
| Sulfonylureas | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) | 0.97 (0.79–1.18) | 0.39 | |
| Other oral agents | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.63–1.08) | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 0.80 (0.62–1.04) | 0.40 | |
| Insulin | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) | 0.88 (0.73–1.05) | 1.07 (0.89–1.30) | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.013 | |
aAdjusted for age, race, types of insurance, income, and smoking, other than the variable for stratification.