Table 3.
Cross-sectional association of diabetic retinopathy with brain volumes
| Total brain volume |
Gray matter volume |
White matter volume |
Abnormal white matter |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted mean (95% CI) | P value* | Adjusted mean (95% CI) | P value* | Adjusted mean (95% CI) | P value* | Adjusted mean (95% CI) | P value* | |
| Model 1† | ||||||||
| None | 935 (932–938) | 0.10 | 470 (467–474) | 0.02 | 464 (462–468) | 0.48 | 0.81 (0.70–0.93) | 0.01 |
| Mild NPDR | 936 (929–941) | 467 (461–474) | 467 (462–473) | 1.04 (0.79–1.35) | ||||
| Moderate and severe NPDR, PDR | 929 (924–934) | 462 (457–467) | 467 (463–471) | 1.16 (0.94–1.43) | ||||
| Model 2‡ | ||||||||
| None | 934 (931–938) | 0.18 | 470 (467–474) | 0.02 | 464 (461–467) | 0.50 | 0.86 (0.74 –1.00) | 0.40 |
| Mild NPDR | 933 (927–939) | 466 (459–472) | 467 (461–472) | 0.97 (0.74–1.25) | ||||
| Moderate and severe NPDR, PDR | 928 (923–933) | 461 (456–466) | 467 (462–472) | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | ||||
*
The P values represent a test for overall equality of means.
†
Model 1 includes the variables ICV, age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking, and geographic region.
‡
Model 2 includes the model 1 variables as well as diabetes duration, HbA1c, HDL, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, depression, alcohol use, and neuropathy. PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy.