Table 4.

DAT1 Genotype, Delinquency, and Gene-Environment Interactions

	Family Closeness	Peer Delinquency	Neighborhood Disorganization	School Attachment
Environment [Low]	Serious Delinquency
Average	0.15	0.16	−0.15	−0.01
	(0.11)	(0.11)	(0.09)	(0.10)
High	0.10	0.35**	−0.16	0.20+
	(0.11)	(0.11)	(0.12)	(0.11)
DAT1 Genotype	0.12*	0.03	−0.05	0.07
	(0.05)	(0.05)	(0.04)	(0.05)
GxE Estimates
DAT1* Average	−0.15*	−0.03	0.11*	−0.02
	(0.07)	(0.07)	(0.05)	(0.06)
DAT1* High	−0.14*	0.03	0.15*	−0.18**
	(0.06)	(0.07)	(0.07)	(0.06)
	Violent Delinquency
Environment [Low]
Average	−0.02	0.01	−0.07	0.02
	(0.05)	(0.06)	(0.04)	(0.05)
High	−0.05	0.09	0.03	0.11*
	(0.05)	(0.05)	(0.59)	(0.05)
DAT1 Genotype	0.02	0.01	−0.01	0.04
	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.02)	(0.02)
GxE Estimates
DAT1* Average	−0.04	0.01	0.04	−0.04
	(0.03)	(0.04)	(0.03)	(0.03)
DAT1* High	−0.02	−0.01	0.00	−0.07*
	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.04)	(0.03)

Note: Cell entries represent coefficients from a multilevel model in which observations are nested within individuals across 9 waves of data from the NYS (n=724). Standard errors are provided in parentheses below. All models control for gender, age, age squared, race/ethnicity, parental education, parental employment status, parental poverty status, family size, and grade point average. Boxed estimates are presented graphically in Figure 2.

⁺p < 0.10

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.001