Table 1.
General Characteristic of Participants According to Sasang Constitutional Types
| Variable | TE | SE | SY | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants (n) | 750 | 180 | 432 | |
| Age (y) | 52.9±7.5* | 49.7±5.5 | 50.8±6.3 | <0.0001 |
| Women, n (%) | 452 (60.3) | 91 (50.6) | 162 (37.5) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2±2.3* | 21.4±1.7 | 23.2±2.1 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 389 (51.9) | 121 (67.2) | 304 (70.4) | <0.0001 |
| Former | 226 (30.1) | 28 (15.6) | 72 (16.7) | |
| Current | 135 (18) | 31 (17.2) | 56 (13.0) | |
| Alcohol consumption (g/d) | 4.7±7.1* | 2.3±3.9 | 2.8±5.6 | <0.0001 |
| Regular meals, n (%) | 0.35 | |||
| 0–2/wk | 72 (9.7) | 13 (7.2) | 53 (12.3) | |
| 3–4/wk | 87 (11.7) | 21 (11.7) | 53 (12.3) | |
| 6–7/wk | 587 (78.7) | 146 (81.1) | 324 (75.3) | |
| Income, n (%) | 0.02 | |||
| <100×104 won | 94 (12.5) | 14 (7.8) | 45 (10.4) | |
| 100–200×104 won | 119 (15.9) | 31 (17.2) | 68 (15.7) | |
| 200–400×104 won | 327 (43.6) | 100 (55.6) | 222 (51.4) | |
| >400×104 won | 210 (28) | 35 (19.4) | 97 (22.5) | |
| Exercise 30 min 2 times/wk, n (%) | 204 (42.3) | 47 (36.7) | 135 (45.5) | 0.12 |
| Physical activity (MET) | 198.8±364.8* | 137.7±184.7 | 168.5±222.9 | 0.03 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.1±34.1** | 191.0±33.7 | 194.8±32.6 | <0.01 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 156.2±101.9* | 108.3±54.7 | 121.4±80.0 | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 43.3±9.2* | 46.9±10.8 | 47.0±10.7 | <0.0001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 125.6±30.8 | 122.6±27.9 | 124.2±29.0 | 0.43 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 1.4±2.2 | 1.2±2.4 | 1.3±3.0 | 0.45 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 114.3±13.7* | 108.1±15.3 | 108.9±14.5 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.8±9.7* | 72.9±9.7 | 72.4±10.2 | <0.0001 |
| HTN, n (%) | 215 (28.7) | 25 (13.9) | 63 (14.6) | <0.0001 |
| DM, n (%) | 142 (18.9) | 13 (7.2) | 46 (10.6) | <0.0001 |
| IBS, n (%) | ||||
| Men | 40 (8.9) | 21 (23.1) | 16 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| Women | 34 (11.4) | 12 (13.5) | 41 (15.2) | 0.41 |
Values expressed with a plus/minus sign are the mean±standard deviation.
*
p<0.0001 versus SE and SY types.
**
p<0.05 versus SE type.
TE, Tae-eum type; SE, So-eum type; SY, So-yang type; BMI, body–mass index; MET, metabolic equivalents per hour daily; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.