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. 2014 Nov 20;8:391. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00391

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Copyright © 2014 Litteljohn, Nelson and Hayley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hippocampal serotonin and noradrenergic activity as a function of IFN-γ knockout and chronic stressor exposure. Within the hippocampus, neither 5-HT (A) nor 5-HIAA (B) was significantly affected by chronic stress or IFN-γ deletion. Yet, 5-HT turnover (i.e., the ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT; C) was diminished overall in the IFN-γ knockouts compared to the wild-type mice. With respect to noradrenergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus, NE levels (D) were significantly reduced among the IFN-γ knockout mice, irrespective of chronic stress. In contrast, both MHPG accumulation (E) and NE turnover (MHPG-to-NE ratio; F) were significantly enhanced following chronic stress, but only among the IFN-γ knockouts. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05 (Two-way ANOVA followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test). WT, wild-type, KO, knockout.