Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| First author | Year | Country | Ethnicity | Endpoint | Age of patients | Female (%) | Case (n) | Control (n) | Adjustment for covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dawson | 1993 | Sweden | Caucasian | MI | < 45 (39.9±0.4) | 14 | 107 | 73 | NA |
| Eriksson | 1995 | Sweden | Caucasian | MI | < 45 | 0 | 93 | 100 | NA |
| Ye | 1995 | France/UK | Caucasian | MI | 25-64 | 0 | 476 | 601 | NA |
| Mansfield | 1995 | UK | Caucasian | CAD | 61-70 | 0 | 38 | 122 | NA |
| Burzotta | 1997 | Italy | Caucasian | MI | > 45 (59±7) | 25 | 108 | 175 | NA |
| Ridker | 1997 | USA | Caucasian | MI | 62.9±8.8 | 0 | 374 | 495 | NA |
| Ossei-Gerning | 1997 | UK | Caucasian | MI | 59.8 | NA | 158 | 150 | NA |
| Iwai | 1998 | Japan | Asian | MI | 59.3±10.3 | 22.5 | 204 | 148 | NA |
| Kohler | 1998 | Finland | Caucasian | MI | 57-59 | 27.7 | 181 | 188 | NA |
| Margaglione | 1998 | Italy | Caucasian | MI | 22-65 | 23 | 198 | 981 | NA |
| Pastinen | 1998 | Finland | Caucasian | MI | 58.1±4.9 | 19.2 | 151 | 150 | NA |
| Junker | 1998 | Germany | Caucasian | MI | 38.6±4.4 | 0 | 241 | 179 | NA |
| Sugano | 1998 | Japan | Asian | MI | 63.1±9.2 | 12.1 | 66 | 62 | NA |
| Ardissino | 1999 | Italy | Caucasian | MI | 40.7±4.1 | 7.5 | 200 | 200 | NA |
| Anderson 1 | 1999 | USA | Caucasian | MI | 63.7±11.6 | 23 | 375 | 978 | NA |
| Anderson 2 | 1999 | USA | Caucasian | CAD | 62.5±10.9 | 20 | 898 | 329 | NA |
| Doggen | 1999 | Netherlands | Caucasian | MI | 56.1±9.0 | 0 | 331 | 302 | NA |
| Gardemann 1 | 1999 | Germany | Caucasian | CAD | 62.7 | 0 | 1791 | 594 | NA |
| Gardemann 2 | 1999 | Germany | Caucasian | MI | 62.2 | 0 | 1214 | 1351 | NA |
| Grancha | 1999 | Spain | Caucasian | CAD | 56±5 | 100 | 41 | 62 | NA |
| Beneš | 2000 | Czech | Caucasian | CAD | 49.5±4.5 | 0 | 175 | 222 | NA |
| Canavy | 2000 | France | Caucasian | CAD/MI | 55 | 22 | 244 | 244 | NA |
| Hooper | 2000 | USA | African | MI | 60.7±9.2 | 53 | 110 | 185 | NA |
| Mikkelsson | 2000 | Finland | Caucasian | MI | 47.9±9 | 0 | 68 | 164 | NA |
| Song | 2000 | Korea | Asian | CAD | 60.7±9.2 | 37.3 | 158 | 139 | NA |
| Fu | 2000 | China | Asian | MI | 51.3±6.7 | 42.5 | 87 | 92 | NA |
| Viitanen | 2001 | Finland | Caucasian | CAD | 56±1 | 40.7 | 118 | 110 | NA |
| Dai | 2001 | China | Asian | CAD/MI | 57±9 | NA | 250 | 95 | NA |
| Fu | 2001 | China | Asian | CAD | 66±10 | 50 | 123 | 172 | NA |
| Shang | 2001 | China | Asian | CAD | NA | NA | 38 | 80 | NA |
| Ortlepp | 2002 | Germany | Caucasian | CAD | 58±12.8 | 68 | 100 | 100 | NA |
| Yamada | 2002 | Japan | Asian | MI | 62.5±10.8 | 100 | 589 | 704 | NA |
| Guan | 2002 | China | Asian | CAD | 34-90 | 38.1 | 126 | 121 | NA |
| Li | 2002 | China | Asian | CAD | 60 ± 8 | 33.3 | 36 | 16 | NA |
| ATVBISG | 2003 | Italy | Caucasian | MI | < 45 | 12.3 | 1210 | 1210 | Smoking, diabetes, hypertension, family history, |
| body mass index, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol, | |||||||||
| cocaine, physical exercise | |||||||||
| Crainich | 2003 | USA | Caucasian | MI | 73.5±5.5 | 40.2 | 264 | 753 | NA |
| Juhan-Vague | 2003 | Europe | Caucasian | MI | < 60 | 0 | 483 | 507 | NA |
| Leander 1 | 2003 | Sweden | Caucasian | MI | 58.3±7.1 | 0 | 851 | 1051 | Age, residential area |
| Leander 2 | 2003 | Sweden | Caucasian | MI | 61.5±6.8 | 100 | 361 | 505 | Age, residential area |
| Petrovič | 2003 | Slovenia | Caucasian | MI | 58.3±11.3 | 33.8 | 154 | 194 | NA |
| Zhan | 2003 | China | Asian | MI | 67.1±10.4 | 21.4 | 56 | 83 | NA |
| Ding 1 | 2003 | China | Asian | CAD | NA | NA | 60 | 109 | Age, body mass index, family history |
| Ding 2 | 2003 | China | Asian | CAD | NA | NA | 49 | 63 | Age, body mass index, family history |
| Wang | 2003 | China | Asian | CAD | 59±12 | 24 | 67 | 30 | NA |
| Zhai | 2003 | China | Asian | CAD | 62.8±9 | 32 | 122 | 172 | NA |
| Tobin | 2004 | UK | Caucasian | MI | 61.9±9.2 | 32 | 547 | 505 | NA |
| Pegoraro | 2005 | Indian | Asian | MI | < 45 | NA | 195 | 300 | NA |
| Whiting | 2005 | USA | Caucasian | CAD | NA | NA | 881 | 261 | Diabetes, family history |
| Zak | 2005 | Poland | Caucasian | CAD | 45.9±6 | 34.9 | 146 | 121 | NA |
| Agirbasli | 2006 | Turkey | Caucasian | CAD | < 55 | 20 | 100 | 100 | NA |
| Su | 2006 | China | Asian | CAD | 54.5±8.9 | 21.6 | 812 | 931 | Age, sex, BMI, HDL-C, LDL-C, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking |
| Xia | 2006 | China | Asian | CAD | 57.7±8.1 | 28.6 | 166 | 63 | NA |
| Morange | 2007 | France | Caucasian | MI | 51.91±5.44 | 0 | 510 | 543 | NA |
| Sampaio | 2007 | Brazil | Caucasian | MI | 34.4±4.9 | 38.1 | 115 | 104 | Age, gender, ethnic background, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, smoking, stress, and sedentary lifestyle |
| Taymaz | 2007 | Turkey | Caucasian | CAD | NA | NA | 115 | 41 | NA |
| Onalan | 2008 | Turkey | Caucasian | MI | 59±11 | 19.9 | 156 | 281 | NA |
| Saely | 2008 | Austria | Caucasian | CAD | NA | NA | 406 | 266 | Age, gender, BMI, smoking, hypertension, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and use of aspirin, statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta adrenoreceptor blocking agents |
| Sarecka | 2008 | Poland | Caucasian | CAD | 43.8±6.1 | 32.6 | 178 | 202 | Smoking, elevated level of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, overweight or obesity |
| Zhang | 2008 | China | Asian | CAD | 63.6±4.9 | 27 | 155 | 190 | NA |
| Isordia-Salas | 2009 | Mexico | Caucasian | MI | 40±4.6 | 16.5 | 127 | 127 | NA |
| Tàssies | 2009 | Spain | Caucasian | CAD | 60±13 | 23 | 248 | 200 | NA |
| Var | 2009 | Turkey | Caucasian | CAD | 55.3±11.3 | 35 | 86 | 90 | Age, sex, smoking and hypertension |
| Chen | 2009 | China | Asian | CAD | 60±11 | 51 | 293 | 178 | NA |
| Abboud | 2010 | Tunisia | African | MI | 59.0±12.0 | 19 | 305 | 328 | NA |
| Cao | 2010 | China | Asian | MI | 64.62 | 33.6 | 116 | 60 | NA |
| Koch | 2010 | Germany | Caucasian | MI | 64±12 | 24.2 | 3657 | 1211 | Age, gender, history of arterial hypertension, history of hypercholesterolaemia, current cigarette smoking, and diabetes mellitus |
| Agirbasli | 2011 | Turkey | Caucasian | CAD | 45.4±7 | 43.3 | 90 | 90 | NA |
| Ahmed | 2011 | Pakistan | Caucasian | MI | 52.1±11.3 | 19.7 | 229 | 217 | NA |
| Ashavaid | 2011 | India | Asian | CAD | 58.6±10.4 | 19.7 | 446 | 473 | NA |
| Lima | 2011 | Brazil | Caucasian | CAD | 60 | 50 | 123 | 38 | NA |
| Zhao | 2012 | China | Asian | CAD | 40-82 | 32.9 | 146 | 113 | NA |
| Lin | 2012 | China | Asian | CAD | 43±14 | 38 | 65 | 132 | NA |
MI, myocardium infarction; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; BMI, body mass index; NA, not available.