Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| All | Impella Pre-PCI | Impella Post-PCI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 154 (mean ± SD, median [IQR], or %) | N = 63 (mean ± SD, median [IQR], or %) | N = 91 (mean ± SD, median [IQR], or %) | P-Value | |
| Age, years | 64.0 ± 12.7 | 66 ± 12 | 63 ± 13 | 0.12 |
| Gender, male | 71.4% | 73.0% | 70.3% | 0.73 |
| Hypertension | 77.3% | 82.3% | 73.9% | 0.23 |
| Diabetes | 44.6% | 56.7% | 36.4% | 0.02 |
| PVD | 21.4% | 32.2% | 13.6% | 0.008 |
| COPD | 15.9% | 22.9% | 10.7% | 0.05 |
| Stroke | 9.4% | 15.3% | 5.1% | 0.04 |
| Renal Insufficiency | 23.9% | 27.9% | 21.2% | 0.35 |
| Myocardial infarction | 38.6% | 43.3% | 35.3% | 0.33 |
| STEMI | 74.7% | 55.6% | 87.9% | <0.0001 |
| Prior CABG | 14.2% | 19.4% | 10.5% | 0.13 |
| Prior PCI | 38.5% | 37.1% | 39.5% | 0.77 |
| Preadmission cardiogenic shock | 63.4% | 63.5% | 63.3% | 0.98 |
| Preadmission cardiac arrest | 22.5% | 15.5% | 27.5% | 0.1 |
| Transfer admission | 48.9% | 57.1% | 42.9% | 0.09 |
| Duration of shock (hours) | 0.2 | |||
| <6 | 47.2% | 40.4% | 51.7% | |
| 6–12 | 14.6% | 19.3% | 11.5% | |
| 12–24 | 12.5% | 8.8% | 14.9% | |
| >24 | 25.7% | 31.6% | 21.8% | |
| Anoxic brain damage | 21.0% | 19.6% | 21.9% | 0.74 |
| Number of inotropes | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 0.17 |
| IABP prior to Impella | 48.7% | 34.9% | 58.2% | 0.004 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 65.5% | 54.8% | 73.3% | 0.02 |
| LVEF (%) | 26.4 ± 13.4 | 25.6 ± 12.9 | 27.0 ± 13.8 | 0.56 |
| Troponin, ng/mL | 5.7 [0.6 23.1] | 5.7 [0.9 24.7] | 5.7 [0.4 23.3] | 0.82 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 [1.1 2.0] | 1.3 [1.1 2.0] | 1.5 [1.1 1.9] | 0.41 |
| eGFR, mL/min/m2 | 49 [27.5 60] | 49 [25 60] | 48 [29.5 60] | 0.91 |
| Serum lactate, mmol/L | 4.1 [2.4 7.2] | 4.3 [1.6 10.2] | 3.8 [2.5 5.9] | 0.65 |
| STS mortality score | 21.7 ± 15.2 | 22.6 ± 14.4 | 21.0 ± 15.8 | 0.55 |
| STS morbidity score | 64.2 ± 18.2 | 67.1 ± 16.9 | 62.1 ± 18.9 | 0.11 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; IQR, inter-quartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standard deviation; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.