Fig. 1.

Rice prolamin extract (RPE) inhibits the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory mediators in rat intestinal epithelial cells (RIE) and bone marrow derived macrophage (BMM). RIE (a) and BMM (b) were pretreated with RPE (1000 μg/ml) for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (10 μg/ml for RIE and 1 μg/ml for BMM) and harvested at 1 or 4 h. RNA was isolated using the TRIzol procedure, and 1 μg of total RNA was reverse-transcribed and amplified using specific primer for monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). RPE significantly reduced the LPS-induced MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α mRNA accumulations at 1 h in RIE and 4 h in BMM (*P < 0·05, compared to LPS stimulation).