Table 2. Effects of the treatments on full blood count, renal and liver function and plasma electrolytes.
| Marker (normal range) | Glutamine + Placebo | Glutamine + Sitagliptin | P value1 | |||
| Baseline | 4-weeks | Baseline | 4-weeks | Time | Time-Treatment interaction | |
| WBC (4.0–11.0 .109/L) | 6.2±1.5 | 5.8±1.2 | 6.3±1.5 | 5.5±1.8 | 0.004 | 0.4 |
| RBC (4.5–6.5 .1012/L) | 4.3±0.4 | 4.1±0.3 | 4.3±0.3 | 4.1±0.3 | 0.003 | 0.7 |
| Hemoglobin (130–180 g/L) | 135±13 | 129±10 | 134±12 | 129±11 | 0.001 | 0.8 |
| Hematocrit (0.40–0.54%) | 0.40±0.04 | 0.38±0.03 | 0.39±0.03 | 0.38±0.03 | 0.001 | 0.9 |
| MCV (76–96 fL) | 92±4 | 92±3 | 92±4 | 91±4 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| MCH (27.0–32.0 pg) | 31.2±1.5 | 31.3±1.5 | 31.3±1.4 | 31.2±1.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| MCHC (320–360 g/L) | 340±5 | 341±6 | 342±5 | 342±4 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| RDW (11.5–14.5%) | 13.3±0.5 | 13.3±0.6 | 13.2±0.6 | 13.3±0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| Platelets (150–400 109/L) | 245±66 | 240±54 | 252±56 | 240±58 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
| Neutrophils (2.0–7.5 109/L) | 3.6±1.0 | 3.3±0.8 | 3.7±1.0 | 3.3±1.5 | 0.05 | 0.7 |
| Lymphocytes (1.5–4.0 109/L) | 1.8±0.6 | 1.8±0.6 | 1.9±0.5 | 1.6±0.5 | 0.003 | 0.01 |
| Monocytes (0.2–1.0 109/L) | 0.6±0.2 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.5±0.2 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.08 | 0.1 |
| Total protein (60–82 g/L) | 70±4 | 65±5 | 69±4 | 67±4 | <0.001 | 0.1 |
| Albumin (36–52 g/L) | 45±2 | 43±3 | 45±2 | 44±1 | 0.02 | 0.4 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (30–100 U/L) | 62±21 | 58±17 | 64±19 | 57±18 | <0.001 | 0.2 |
| GGT (0–35 U/L) | 25±13 | 22±11 | 25±17 | 22±13 | 0.01 | 0.7 |
| ALT (0–30 U/L) | 29±11 | 27±10 | 26±12 | 24±8 | 0.08 | 0.9 |
| AST (0–30 U/L) | 26±8 | 25±9 | 23±6 | 22±6 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Total bilirubin (0–18 µmol/L) | 11±7 | 9±4 | 10±6 | 10±6 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Sodium (137–146 mmol/L) | 142±2 | 142±2 | 141±2 | 141±2 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Potassium (3.5–5.0 mmol/L) | 4.4±0.3 | 4.4±0.3 | 4.7±0.3 | 4.5±0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Chloride (95–110 mmol/L) | 104±3 | 105±4 | 104±2 | 104±2 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
| Bicarbonate (24–31 mmol/L) | 26±2 | 26±2 | 27±2 | 26±2 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
| Urea (3.0–8.5 mmol/L) | 6.1±1.1 | 7.4±2.0 | 6.4±0.9 | 7.8±1.5 | <0.001 | 0.8 |
| Creatinine (60–120 µmol/L) | 76±17 | 73±13 | 75±14 | 76±14 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80±13 | 81±11 | 81±10 | 81±10 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Data are means ± SD.
WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red cell distribution width; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase.
Significance of the repeated measure ANOVA with time (within subjects factor) and the interaction of time with treatments (the between subjects factor) is given (n = 13). Bold values represent P<0.05. Normal probability plots of the P-values versus their rank were examined to determine statistical significance. Relationships that were found to be non-linear were indicative of statistically significant results. The data below P of 0.05 were in the non-linear regions.