Structural model linking adolescents’ language brokering for mother to perceived maternal sacrifice, to respect for mother, and to internalizing/externalizing problems. The paths for the four significant indirect effects are denoted by the same letters a, b, c, and d. The top coefficients are for Korean Americans and the bottom coefficients are for Chinese Americans. Coefficients for paths 1) Maternal Sacrifice W1 → Respect for Mother W1, and 2) Externalizing W1 →Externalizing W2 are significantly different for Chinese and Korean Americans at the .05 level. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.