Table 2. Association of FMD with AF by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity*†.
| Events/No. at risk |
Model 1‡ HR (95%CI) |
P-value | Model 2§ HR (95%CI) |
P-value | P-interaction|| | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 137/2,936 | 0.82 (0.69, 0.98) | 0.029 | 0.84 (0.70, 0.99) | 0.048 | - |
| Age | ||||||
| ≤65 years | 47/1,898 | 0.68 (0.52, 0.89) | 0.0048 | 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) | 0.022 | 0.55 |
| >65 years | 90/1,038 | 0.79 (0.63, 0.99) | 0.037 | 0.81 (0.64, 1.01) | 0.065 | |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 70/1,001 | 0.88 (0.70, 1.1) | 0.27 | 0.86 (0.68, 1.1) | 0.22 | 0.97 |
| Non-White | 67/1,935 | 0.77 (0.59, 1.0) | 0.054 | 0.83 (0.64, 1.1) | 0.19 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 85/1,460 | 0.87 (0.69, 1.1) | 0.26 | 0.89 (0.70, 1.1) | 0.33 | 0.31 |
| Female | 52/1,476 | 0.77 (0.59, 0.99) | 0.048 | 0.77 (0.59, 1.01) | 0.062 |
*
HR presented are for %FMD per 1-SD increase (SD=2.8%).
†
Subgroups were adjusted according to Models 1 and 2 excluding the covariate of interest.
‡
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education.
§
Adjusted for Model 1 covariates plus smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, aspirin, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, hs-CRP, and left ventricular hypertrophy.
||
Interactions tested using Model 2.
AF=atrial fibrillation; CI=confidence interval; FMD=flow-mediated dilation; HDL=high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP=high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HR=hazard ratio; SD=standard deviation.