Table 2.
Summary of published methylome-wide association studies of cigarette smoking.
| MWAS Study | Source of DNA |
Platform | Sample Size |
Race | Significant smoking-related Loci |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breitling et al. 2011 [50] |
PB | 27K | 177+316 | EA | F2RL3 |
| Wan 2012 et al. [51] |
PB | 27K | 1,085+369 | EA | F2RL3, GPR15, LRRN3, LIM2 |
| Monick et al. 2012 [52] |
LCL+ LAM |
450K | 119+19 | EA | AHRR |
| Sun 2013 et al. [54] |
PB | 27K+450K | 972+239 | AA | F2RL3, GPR15, AHRR, 2q37.1 et al. |
| Shenker 2013 et al. [53] |
PB | 450K | 374+180 | EA | AHRR, 2q37.1, 6p21.33, F2RL3 et al. |
| Zeilinger 2013 et al. [55] |
PB | 450K | 1,793+479 | EA | AHRR, ALPPL2, F2RL3 & many more |
| Dogan 2014 et al. [56] |
PB | 450K | 111 | AA | AHRR, GPR15 |
| Elliott 2014 et al. [57] |
PB | 450K | 192 | SA+EA | AHRR, 2q37.1, F2RL3 et al. |
| Harlid 2014 et al. [58] |
Whole blood |
450K | 908+200 | EA | 7 loci replicated + 2 new loci |
| Besingi 2014 et al. [59]* |
PB | 450K | 432 | EA | AHRR, 2q37.1 et al.; none for snuffing |
| Joubert 2012 et al. [60] ** |
Cord blood |
450K | 1,062+36 | EA | AHRR, CYP1A1, GFI1 et al. |
| Markunas 2014 et al. [61] ** |
Whole blood |
450K | 889 | EA | 7 loci replicated + 10 new loci |
EA: European ancestry; AA: African American; SA: South Asian; PB: peripheral blood; LAM: lung alveolar macrophage;
*
: tobacco smoking vs. tobacco snuffing (smoking-less).
**
:maternal smoking exposure.