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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Dec 5;1841(6):888–895. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.013

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Effects of LPC on mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondria (1 mg protein/mL) were incubated with (A) 5 μM succinate, (B) 5 μM glutamate/5 μM malate, or (C) 10 μM palmitoyl-carnitine/1 μM malate as respiratory substrates. Oxygen levels in the media were measured prior to and after addition of 441 nmol ADP. State 3 respiration rates were determined by slope of oxygen levels over time subsequent to ADP addition. State 4 respiration rates were determined by the slope of oxygen levels after state 3 respiration was completed. The data represent mean ± standard deviations from 4-5 determinations. * and ** denote differences from no LPC addition at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.