Figure 2.

Bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) are recruited to lesion epicenter at 3–7 days after injury.

Both M1 and M2 macrophages are detected in lesion epicenter during the first week after spinal cord injury (SCI). Macrophages phagocytosis of myelin debris (myelin Mϕ) are detected in injury site from 1–2 weeks after SCI. These myelin-laden macrophages (myelin Mϕ) exhibit M1 like phenotype and persist for long period of time. IL-4: Interleukin-4; TGF-β: transforming growth factor β; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ: interferon-γ.