Table 3.
The Effect of Local Hospital Closure on Neonatal and Infant Mortality (Risk Factors and Year Fixed Effect Included, But Not Reported)
| Neonatal Mortality |
Infant Mortality |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Identification | Variables | Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE |
| A (N = 55,199) | Intercept | 0.0884* | 0.0039 | 0.1064* | 0.0050 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0069 | 0.0039 | −0.0101* | 0.0050 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.0025 | 0.0019 | −0.0028 | 0.0024 | |
| Closure × Period | −0.0013 | 0.0030 | 0.0001 | 0.0039 | |
| B (N = 53,072) | Intercept | 0.0849* | 0.0048 | 0.0959* | 0.0062 |
| Closure = 1 | 0.0099 | 0.0055 | 0.0137 | 0.0071 | |
| Period = 1 | 0.0033 | 0.0026 | 0.0038 | 0.0034 | |
| Closure × Period | −0.0127 | 0.0070 | −0.0135 | 0.0090 | |
| C (N = 53,241) | Intercept | 0.0666* | 0.0037 | 0.0849* | 0.0049 |
| Closure = 1 | 0.0075 | 0.0040 | 0.0073 | 0.0053 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.0010 | 0.0018 | −0.0014 | 0.0023 | |
| Closure × Period | −0.0027 | 0.0050 | 0.0023 | 0.0066 | |
| D (N = 53,096) | Intercept | 0.0665* | 0.0037 | 0.0846* | 0.0049 |
| Closure = 1 | 0.0042 | 0.0045 | 0.0010 | 0.0595 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.0008 | 0.0018 | −0.0011 | 0.0024 | |
| Closure × Period | 0.0035 | 0.0056 | 0.0033 | 0.0074 | |
| E (N = 57,219) | Intercept | 0.0503* | 0.0034 | 0.0694* | 0.0046 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0071 | 0.0038 | −0.0052 | 0.0052 | |
| Period = 1 | 0.0011 | 0.0020 | −0.0005 | 0.0027 | |
| Closure × Period | 0.0034 | 0.0033 | 0.0027 | 0.0044 | |
| F (N = 60,803) | Intercept | 0.0500* | 0.0032 | 0.0702* | 0.0043 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0022 | 0.0026 | −0.0043 | 0.0036 | |
| Period = 1 | 0.0015 | 0.0016 | −0.0010 | 0.0022 | |
| Closure × Period | 0.0039 | 0.0020 | 0.0074* | 0.0028 | |
| G (N = 65,395) | Intercept | 0.0498* | 0.0029 | 0.0621* | 0.0039 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0052* | 0.0023 | −0.0065* | 0.0031 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.0001 | 0.0015 | −0.0035 | 0.0020 | |
| Closure × Period | 0.0020 | 0.0017 | 0.0020 | 0.0022 | |
| H (N = 62,713) | Intercept | 0.0511* | 0.0030 | 0.0628* | 0.0040 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0019 | 0.0035 | 0.0027 | 0.0046 | |
| Period = 1 | 0.0000 | 0.0016 | −0.0002 | 0.0021 | |
| Closure × Period | −0.0012 | 0.0021 | −0.0004 | 0.0028 | |
| I (N = 62,324) | Intercept | 0.0524* | 0.0030 | 0.0640* | 0.0040 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0018 | 0.0049 | −0.0069 | 0.0064 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.0053 | 0.0016 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | |
| Closure × Period | 0.0035 | 0.0023 | 0.0059* | 0.0030 | |
| J (N = 60,078) | Intercept | 0.0529* | 0.0032 | 0.0639* | 0.0042 |
| Closure = 1 | 0.0050 | 0.0040 | 0.0076 | 0.0053 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.00003 | 0.0040 | 0.0004 | 0.0024 | |
| Closure × Period | −0.0056 | 0.0049 | −0.0048 | 0.0066 | |
| K (N = 64,524) | Intercept | 0.0459* | 0.0026 | 0.0529* | 0.0033 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0010 | 0.0026 | 0.0061 | 0.0033 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.0031* | 0.0013 | −0.0026 | 0.0016 | |
| Closure × Period | 0.0009 | 0.0030 | −0.0067 | 0.0038 | |
| L (N = 64,871) | Intercept | 0.0045* | 0.0026 | 0.0535* | 0.0032 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0014 | 0.0023 | −0.0044 | 0.0029 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.0017 | 0.0013 | −0.0033* | 0.0016 | |
| Closure × Period | −0.0022 | 0.0025 | −0.0001 | 0.0031 | |
| M (N = 67,525) | Intercept | 0.0370* | 0.0025 | 0.0409* | 0.0029 |
| Closure = 1 | −0.0014 | 0.0019 | −0.0002 | 0.0023 | |
| Period = 1 | −0.0018 | 0.0012 | −0.0008 | 0.0014 | |
| Closure × Period | 0.0005 | 0.0011 | 0.0005 | 0.0014 | |
Note. The following risk factors were included in all analyses: mother's age, immigrant status (nonwestern, western), level of education (upper secondary school, university/college), marital status. Predisposing factors of the mother: asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, heart disease, chronic hypertension, chronic kidney failure, rhematoid arthritis, preeclampsia, bleeding during pregnancy. Characteristics of the birth: birthweight ≤2,500 g, gestation length ≤37 weeks, abnormal presentation, single baby birth, previous Caesarean section, infant boy.
*
p < .05.