Table 1.
| Non-user (n=148394) |
PPI User (n=3396) |
H2RA Only User (n=10016) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age, years | 63.1(7.3) | 64.8 (7.0) | 64.3 (7.1) |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 | |||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 1344 (0.9) | 10 (0.3) | 44 (0.4) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 52024 (35.1) | 645 (19.0) | 2267 (22.6) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 50926 (34.3) | 1231 (36.2) | 3523 (35.2) |
| Obese (>30) | 42776 (28.8) | 1481 (43.6) | 4108 (41.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White | 122278 (82.4) | 2852 (84.0) | 8410 (84.0) |
| Black | 13354 (9.0) | 306 (9.0) | 957 (9.6) |
| Hispanic | 5985 (4.0) | 140 (4.1) | 359 (3.6) |
| American Indian | 643 (0.4) | 17 (0.5) | 53 (0.5) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4047 (2.7) | 38 (1.1) | 105 (1.0) |
| Unknown | 2087 (1.4) | 43 (1.3) | 132 (1.3) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 75042 (50.6) | 1628 (47.9) | 4759 (47.5) |
| Past | 61107 (41.2) | 1539 (45.3) | 4463 (44.6) |
| Current | 10306 (6.9) | 177 (5.2) | 659 (6.6) |
| Physical function score > 90 | 56093 (37.8) | 546 (16.1) | 1990 (19.9) |
| Parent broke hip after 40 | 18991 (12.8) | 456 (13.4) | 1260 (12.6) |
| Fracture on or after age 55 | 18191 (12.3) | 584 (17.2) | 1443 (14.4) |
| Physical activity (METS) hours/wk | |||
| 0 (Inactive) | 21777 (14.7) | 673 (19.8) | 2012 (20.1) |
| < 5 | 29314 (19.8) | 868 (25.6) | 2314 (23.1) |
| 5–12 | 33709 (22.7) | 772 (22.7) | 2286 (22.8) |
| ≥ 12 | 56636 (38.2) | 1021 (30.1) | 2953 (29.5) |
| Fair/Poor self-rated health | 12167 (8.2) | 793 (23.4) | 1733 (17.3) |
| Treated diabetes | 6312 (4.3) | 239 (7.0) | 618 (6.2) |
| Myocardial infarction/ angina | 8812 (5.9) | 518 (15.3) | 1269 (12.7) |
| Asthma or emphysema | 14063 (9.5) | 658 (19.4) | 1501 (15.0) |
| Arthritis | 67433 (45.4) | 2314 (68.1) | 6444 (64.3) |
| Osteoporosis | 10711 (7.2) | 503 (14.8) | 1061 (10.6) |
| Stomach or duodenal ulcer | 7335 (4.9) | 901 (26.5) | 2228 (22.2) |
| Moderate/severe heartburn | 10571 (7.1) | 1048 (30.9) | 3416 (34.1) |
| Psychoactive medication usec | 13962 (9.4) | 927 (27.3) | 2147 (21.4) |
| Bisphosphonate use | 2841 (1.9) | 116 (3.4) | 205 (2.0) |
| Corticosteroid use | 1104 (0.7) | 100 (2.9) | 202 (2.0) |
| Hormone therapy use | |||
| Never used | 66093 (44.5) | 1199 (35.3) | 3728 (37.2) |
| Past user | 23451 (15.8) | 606 (17.8) | 1872 (18.7) |
| Current user | 58847 (39.7) | 1591 (46.8) | 4416 (44.1) |
| Total baseline calcium intake | |||
| < 600 mg | 28607 (19.3) | 677 (19.9) | 1950 (19.5) |
| 600 – 1200 mg | 55321 (37.3) | 1271 (37.4) | 3830 (38.2) |
| > 1200 mg | 60022 (40.4) | 1331 (39.2) | 3903 (39.0) |
| Calcium supplement use | 33303 (22.4) | 658 (19.4) | 2178 (21.7) |
| Total baseline vitamin D intake | |||
| < 400 IU | 80920 (54.5) | 1792 (52.8) | 5341 (53.3) |
| 400 – 600 IU | 35346 (23.8) | 784 (23.1) | 2463 (24.6) |
| > 600 IU | 27684 (18.7) | 703 (20.7) | 1879 (18.8) |
| Vitamin D supplement use | 5887 (4.0) | 126 (3.7) | 359 (3.6) |
| WHI participation | |||
| Hormone therapy trial | 25285 (17.0) | 476 (14.0) | 1586 (15.8) |
| Dietary Modification trial | 44806 (30.2) | 932 (27.4) | 3096 (30.9) |
| Calcium vitamin D trial | 33599 (22.6) | 608 (17.9) | 2075 (20.7) |
| Observational study | 85727 (57.8) | 2124 (62.5) | 5824 (58.1) |
PPI=proton pump inhibitor; H2RA=histamine 2 receptor antagonist; METs=metabolic equivalent tasks
a
Data represented as n (%) unless otherwise stated.
b
All p values comparing differences among groups are p<.001 with exception of DM trial assignment and calcium supplement use (p= 0.002); calcium intake p=.023
c
Psychoactive medications include antipsychotic, antiseizure, anxiolytic, hypnotic, and antidepressant use