Figure 4. Rates of ATP synthesis in Ndufs4^fky/fky cell lines, expressed relative to the CII-dependent rate determined using succinate+rotenone (S+R).

The CII- (S) and CI-dependent (G+M, P+M) rates of ATP synthesis were measured in permeabilized cells or isolated mitochondria from MEFs and astrocytes maintained on glucose (A, B, E, F) or galactose (C, D), and neurons maintained on NBM medium (G) from +/+ (white bars) and Ndufs4^fky/fky (grey bars) mice. Where indicated, rotenone was added to inhibit CI. Error bars=S.E.M. Replicates: S (n≥3); G+M (n≥3); G+M+R (n≥2); P+M (n≥3); and P+M+R (n≥2). P values generated from two-tailed unpaired t tests. CI, complex I; G, glutamate; M, malate; P, pyruvate; R, rotenone; S, succinate.