Figure 2.

Overview of 16 studies that examined methylation in the exon 1_F promoter and exon 1_F region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), and reported methylation changes in specific C—phosphate—G dinucleotides (i.e., CpG sites) in relation to adverse life experiences (occurring in utero or early postnatal life) or conditions associated with adversity: borderline personality disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The 47 CpG sites in the exon 1_F promoter (sites 1–43) and exon 1_F (sites 44–47) regions are numbered according to Figure 1, while 12 sites upstream or 5 sites downstream of the region are not numbered. The coverage of every study is represented with a gray box and the direction of the site-specific findings is also depicted (▴ for hypermethylation, ▾ for hypomethylation, ▴▾ for both hyper- and hypo- methylation). The sex distribution, age group of participant at assessment and type of collected tissue are indicated in the left, while the method of quantitative methylation analysis used is indicated on the right. ^* Denotes the two studies (Perroud et al., 2014b and Martin-Blanco et al., 2014) that were included twice in this overview because they contained site-specific methylation data based on both adverse life experiences and adversity-related conditions.