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. 2014 Nov 21;8:393. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00393

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Copyright © 2014 Stipursky, Francis, Dezonne, Bérgamo de Araújo, Souza, Moraes and Alcantara Gomes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TGF-β1 promotes premature gliogenesis in the cerebral cortex. Intraventricular injection of TGF-β1 in mouse embryos (injection at E14 and analysis at E16) caused premature appearance of GFAP+ cells (green) in different telencephalon regions: dorsomedial cortex/cingulate cortex (2*), neuroepithelium related to the third ventricule (3*) and pial surface of the preoptic area (4*). At the hippocampal formation (1*), GFAP labeling was not affected. TGF-β1 induced gliogenesis was more evident at the dorsomedial area of the cerebral cortex (DMc), than in lateral cortex (Lc) (C–G). Note the GFAP+ (green) radial fibers of differentiating cells (arrows, F). In radial glia (RG) isolated cultures, TGF-β1 also promoted appearance of GFAP+ cells in a greater extend in DMc than in Lc and total cortex (Tc) (H). ***P < 0.0005, *P < 0.005. Scales: 500 μm (A,B), 50 μm (C,H). Cp: cortical plate, Vz: ventricular zone.