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. 2014 Oct 17;17(12):1602–1612. doi: 10.1111/ele.12383

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The maintenance of genome elimination (GE). Results of the evolutionary equilibrium analyses, for: (a) Paternal genome elimination (PGE) in heterogametic males (i.e. XY or XO sex determination); and (b) PGE in heterogametic females (i.e. ZW or ZO sex determination). In each case, the equilibrium level of PGE is shown for each class of genic actor, over the whole-range of sib-mating (0 ≤ a ≤ 1). A indicates an autosomal gene, X indicates an X-linked gene, Y indicates a Y-linked gene, Z indicates a Z-linked gene and W indicates a W-linked gene. Unimprinted autosomal genes (black lines) favour an intermediate level of PGE under male heterogamety (panel a), owing to countervailing sex-ratio selection, and fixation of PGE – leading to population extinction – under female heterogamety (panel b), owing to a lack of countervailing sex-ratio selection, so PGE in heterogametic males is the only scenario in which the population robustly survives the evolution of GE.