Table I.
Summary of the possible correlations between IGF axis components, HPV status and cervical cancerogenesis.
| Risk/incidence of neoplastic change/cancer (increased↑/decreased↓/no associationΔ) | Correlation with serum or local tissue level (higher↑/lower↓/no changeΔ) | Correlation with HPV status (positive↑/negative↓/noneΔ) | Sample size, source of information | Authors (ref.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIN↑, | IGF-1↑a, IGFBP3Δ, | HPVΔ | 126 cases (82 CIN), 40 controls | Lee et al (61) |
| LSIL↑a, HSIL | IGF-1↑a, IGF-1/IGFBP3↑a | nd | 267 cases, 238 controls | Wu et al (62) |
| CC | IGF-1↑ | HPV↑a | 50 cases, 40 controls | Sharma et al (81) |
| SIL↓ | IGFBP-3↑ | oncogenic HPV↓ | Harris et al (78) | |
| SIL↑ | IGF-1↑ | oncogenic HPV↑ | 137 cases | |
| IGF-1/IGFBP-3 | HPV persistence↑ | |||
| CCΔ (no prediction) | IGF-1↓, IGFBP-3Δ | nd | 72 cases | Huang et al (63) |
| CC, worse OS | IGF-R↑ (predictor) | |||
| HCIN↓ | IGF↑, IGFBP-3Δ | HPV-16 and -18↓ | 329 cases, 621 controls | Schaffer et al (64) |
| CC↑ | IGF-1↓a, IGF-2↓, | nd | 135 cases, 270 controls | Serrano et al (65) |
| HSIL↑ and progression to CC↓ | IGFBP-3↓, IGF-R↓ | nd | 63 cases, 42 controls | Serrano et al (66) |
| HSIL vs. control, LSIL vs CC | IGFBP-3↑a, IGFBP-3Δ | HR-HPVΔ | 93 cases, 51 controls | Serrano et al (68) |
| CIN III/CC↑ | IGF-R↑ | nd | cases 90, 30 controls | Kuramoto et al (71) |
| CC↑ | IGF-R↑ | HPV | 72 cases | Huang et al (63) |
| Control vs. all stages of CC↑ | IGF-2↑, IGFBP-3↓ | nd | 160 cases (11 groups), 23 controls | Mathur et al (80) |
| Breast cancer↑ | IGF-system components↓ | - | 72 cases | Voskuil et al (72) |
| Ovarian cancer↓ | IGFBP-3↑ | nd | 59 cases, 108 controls | Dal Maso et al (74) |
| HPV E6/E7 induced cells | IGFBP-3↑ and IGF-1↑ | HPV↑ | Basic research | Berger et al (77) |
| Cervical cells with E6/E7 | IGF-R↑ | Basic research | Baege et al (76) |
For comparison one example of another type of cancer is provided as well as the results of basic research. Details are discussed in the text. IGF, insulin-like growth factor; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; HCIN, high-grade CIN; SIL, squamous intraepithelial lesion; HSIL, high-grade SIL; LSIL, low-grade SIL; CC, cervical cancer; OS, overall survival; HR-HPV, high-risk human papillomavirus.
a
Statistical significance;
nd, no data.