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. 2014 Nov 14;7(4):286–294. doi: 10.3342/ceo.2014.7.4.286

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Copyright © 2014 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4 — Representative microscopic appearance: protective effect of metformin on gentamicin-induced cytotoxicity in vestibular primary cell culture. (A) Control group, normal vestibular primary cell culture. (B) Group receiving 1 mM metformin. Metformin promoted slight cellular growth, showing similar appearance with the control group. (C) Group receiving 2.5 mM gentamicin. Many necrotic whitish cell bodies floated on the surface of cell culture plates. The remaining cells showed condensation and shrinkage with nuclear fragmentation. (D) Gentamicin-plus-metformin group. Metformin protected against gentamicin-induced cytotoxicity. Compared with the gentamicin group, the cell size was within the normal range and necrotic bodies were fewer. However, more cells with nuclear fragmentation and necrosis were observed compared with the control group.