Table 2.
Descriptive data for the study, including 30-day mortality
| Derivation cohort | Validation cohort | Whole data set | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | Mortality (%) | No. of patients | Mortality (%) | No. of patients | Mortality (%) | |
| All patients | 11 219 (100) | 1·3 | 5569 (100) | 1·6 | 16 788 (100) | 1·4 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 65 | 6989 (62·3) | 0·4 | 3506 (63·0) | 0·7 | 10 495 (62·5) | 0·5 |
| ≥ 65 and < 80 | 3073 (27·4) | 1·6 | 1495 (26·8) | 1·5 | 4568 (27·2) | 1·6 |
| ≥ 80 | 1157 (10·3) | 6·1 | 568 (10·2) | 7·0 | 1725 (10·3) | 6·4 |
| ASA-PS grade | ||||||
| I | 3616 (32·2) | 0·1 | 1800 (32·3) | 0·0 | 5416 (32·3) | 0·0 |
| II | 5108 (45·5) | 0·5 | 2477 (44·5) | 0·5 | 7585 (45·2) | 0·5 |
| III | 2190 (19·5) | 3·1 | 1149 (20·6) | 3·5 | 3339 (19·9) | 3·2 |
| IV | 286 (2·5) | 14·7 | 131 (2·4) | 20·6 | 417 (2·5) | 16·5 |
| V | 19 (0·2) | 63 | 12 (0·2) | 58 | 31 (0·2) | 61 |
| Urgency of surgery | ||||||
| Elective | 7374 (65·7) | 0·3 | 3613 (64·9) | 0·4 | 10 987 (65·4) | 0·3 |
| Expedited | 1415 (12·6) | 2·1 | 721 (12·9) | 1·4 | 2136 (12·7) | 1·9 |
| Urgent | 2282 (20·3) | 3·2 | 1142 (20·5) | 4·6 | 3424 (20·4) | 3·7 |
| Immediate | 148 (1·3) | 15·5 | 93 (1·7) | 11 | 241 (1·4) | 13·7 |
| Severity | ||||||
| Minor | 935 (8·3) | 0·7 | 488 (8·8) | 1·0 | 1423 (8·5) | 0·8 |
| Intermediate | 2743 (24·4) | 0·8 | 1391 (25·0) | 0·7 | 4134 (24·6) | 0·8 |
| Major | 3680 (32·8) | 1·1 | 1808 (32·5) | 1·4 | 5488 (32·7) | 1·2 |
| Xmajor/complex | 3861 (34·4) | 2·0 | 1882 (33·8) | 2·4 | 5743 (34·2) | 2·1 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| None documented | 6363 (56·7) | 0·3 | 3109 (55·8) | 0·4 | 9472 (56·4) | 0·3 |
| Arrhythmia | 795 (7·1) | 5·7 | 382 (6·9) | 6·3 | 1177 (7·0) | 5·9 |
| Cancer | 1111 (9·9) | 3·5 | 538 (9·7) | 4·6 | 1649 (9·8) | 3·9 |
| Cirrhosis | 84 (0·7) | 5 | 39 (0·7) | 10 | 123 (0·7) | 6·5 |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 177 (1·6) | 11·3 | 99 (1·8) | 9 | 276 (1·6) | 10·5 |
| Smoker | 1106 (9·9) | 0·9 | 583 (10·5) | 1·7 | 1689 (10·1) | 1·2 |
| Diabetes (insulin-dependent) | 303 (2·7) | 3·3 | 142 (2·5) | 2·1 | 445 (2·7) | 2·9 |
| Diabetes (non-insulin-dependent) | 718 (6·4) | 2·8 | 410 (7·4) | 2·7 | 1128 (6·7) | 2·7 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1079 (9·6) | 3·0 | 556 (10·0) | 5·0 | 1635 (9·7) | 3·7 |
| Respiratory disease | 1362 (12·1) | 3·5 | 720 (12·9) | 4·3 | 2082 (12·4) | 3·7 |
| TIA/stroke | 468 (4·2) | 5·3 | 209 (3·8) | 4·8 | 677 (4·0) | 5·2 |
Values in parentheses are percentages. ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; Xmajor, extra major; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.