(a) Area-Under-Curve of 610 nm (solid symbols) and summed (open symbols) 590 nm + 610 nm + 627 nm (open) radioluminescence spectra peaks—as a function of peak tube voltage (proportional to x-ray energy)—for various tube currents (proportional to x-ray flux), showing excellent linearity. (b) and (c) Intensity (height) of the 610 nm principal radioluminescence peak, as a function of tube voltage and current, demonstrating marked linearity for various tube currents and voltages, respectively. (d) Representative radioluminescence image of a mouse phantom (upper-left inset) into which was inserted 10 mg of Y2O3:Eu nanoparticles, contained within a 1.6 mm diameter borosilicate glass tube (upper-right inset).