Table 1.
Characteristics of responders (increase in stroke volume ≥15% after volume expansion) and non-responders to fluid challenge
| Responders | Non-responders | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 267) | (n = 289) | ||
| Age | 58 ± 18 | 56 ± 17 | 0.40 |
| Sex (women/men) | 92/175 | 105/183 | 0.68 |
| Height (cm) | 169 ± 9 (n = 266) | 169 ± 9 (n = 288) | 0.72 |
| Weight (kg) | 72 ± 15 (n = 266) | 75 ± 17 (n = 288) | 0.053 |
| IBW (kg) | 63 ± 10 (n = 266) | 63 ± 9 (n = 288) | 0.76 |
| SAPS II score | 50 ± 20 (n = 147) | 53 ± 20 (n = 188) | 0.13 |
| HR (beats/min) | 91 ± 24 | 88 ± 25 | 0.066 |
| MAP(mmHg) | 73 ± 15 | 75 ± 16 | 0.12 |
| RR (cycle/min) | 19 ± 6 (n = 231) | 19 ± 6 (n = 262) | 0.55 |
| V T /IBW (ml/kg) | 7.4 ± 2.3 (n = 248) | 7.6 ± 2.6 (n = 271) | 0.57 |
| V T /IBW <8 ml/kg (%) | 109 (41%) | 134 (46%) | 0.24 |
| PEEP | 6 ± 5 (n = 249) | 7 ± 5 (n = 271) | 0.095 |
| PPlat (cmH 2 O) | 19.3 ± 5.5 (n = 205) | 20.7 ± 5.8 (n = 225) | 0.014 |
| Driving pressure (cmH 2 O) | 14 ± 5 (n = 192) | 15 ± 5 (n = 211) | 0.055 |
| C st,rs (ml/cmH 2 O) | 39.5 ± 14.3 (n = 192) | 36.0 ± 13.5 (n = 211) | 0.011 |
| HR/RR | 5.0 ± 1.5 (n = 231) | 4.8 ± 1.6 (n = 262) | 0.073 |
| HR/RR ≤3.6 (n,%) | 231 (17.8%) | 262 (27.1%) | 0.018 |
| PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio | 185 ± 107 (n = 111) | 182 ± 103 (n = 135) | 0.85 |
| Norepinephrine infusion | -- | -- | -- |
| Dosage (μ.kg −1 /min −1 ) | 0.49 ± 0.67 (n = 158) | 0.47 ± 0.63 (n = 172) | 0.75 |
| CVP (mmHg) | 9 ± 5 | 11 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| Baseline SV | 60 ± 21 | 74 ± 27 | <0.001 |
| PPV (%) | 15 ± 9 | 9 ± 7 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD); n = number of available data. CVP, central venous pressure; Cst,rs, static compliance of the respiratory system; driving pressure = plateau pressure - positive end-expiratory pressure; HR, heart rate; IBW, ideal body weight; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PaO2/FiO2 ratio, partial arterial oxygen pressure to inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PPlat, plateau pressure; PPV: pulse pressure variation; RR, respiratory rate; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SV, stroke volume; VT, tidal volume.