Table 5.
Willingness to pay estimates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributes by age group (N = 515)
| Attributes and levels | Marginal WTP to avoid level by age group (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| 40–62 years old (N = 249) | 63–88 years old (N = 266) | |
| Relieves symptoms (reference: complete relief) | ||
| Little or no relief | $51.59 (44.41–58.77) | $77.88 (69.51–86.24) |
| Some relief | $20.49 (13.31–27.67) | $36.41 (28.05–44.78) |
| Feel medicine start to work (reference: within 5 min) | ||
| Within 20 min | $8.28 (5.28–11.28) | $11.97 (8.53–15.41) |
| Within 30 min or more | $10.51 (7.51–13.51) | $15.95 (12.51–19.39) |
| Ease of use (reference: quick and easy) | ||
| Requires some practice and care | $4.46 (1.15–7.76) | $5.27 (1.46–9.07) |
| More difficult and time-consuming | $13.48 (10.17–16.78) | $18.07 (14.27–21.88) |
| Rescue medicine use (reference: rarely, 1–2 times per week or less) | ||
| 3–5 times per week | $19.71 (13.27–26.14) | $19.53 (12.21–26.85) |
| Every day | $28.41 (21.98–34.84) | $35.16 (27.84–42.48) |
| Side effects (reference: no side effects) | ||
| Mild side effects | $13.23 (10.11–16.35) | $17.00 (13.25–20.75) |
| Moderate to severe side effects | $48.29 (45.17–51.41) | $71.01 (67.26–74.76) |
Reference was the most favorable level for each COPD medication attribute. 95 % CIs that did not include zero were considered to be statistically significant
CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WTP willingness to pay