Table 6.
Willingness to pay estimates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributes by gender (N = 515)
| Attributes and levels | Marginal WTP to avoid level by gender (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Male (N = 230) | Female (N = 285) | |
| Relieves symptoms (reference: complete relief) | ||
| Little or no relief | $69.71 (60.62–78.80) | $59.10 (52.34–65.86) |
| Some relief | $27.30 (18.21–36.38) | $27.58 (20.83–34.34) |
| Feel medicine start to work (reference: within 5 min) | ||
| Within 20 min | $10.36 (6.63–14.09) | $9.72 (6.89–12.54) |
| Within 30 min or more | $11.45 (7.72–15.18) | $14.12 (11.29–16.94) |
| Ease of use (reference: quick and easy) | ||
| Requires some practice and care | $8.00 (3.78–12.22) | $2.58 (−0.48–5.64) |
| More difficult and time-consuming | $18.57 (14.35–22.79) | $13.32 (10.25–16.38) |
| Rescue medicine use (reference: rarely, 1–2 times per week or less) | ||
| 3–5 times per week | $23.29 (15.23–31.34) | $17.86 (11.87–23.85) |
| Every day | $35.23 (27.18–43.29) | $29.29 (23.30–35.27) |
| Side effects (reference: no side effects) | ||
| Mild side effects | $12.99 (8.97–17.01) | $15.92 (12.95–18.90) |
| Moderate to severe side effects | $67.57 (63.55–71.59) | $52.44 (49.47–55.42) |
Reference was the most favorable level for each COPD medication attribute. 95 % CIs that did not include zero were considered to be statistically significant
CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WTP willingness to pay