Table 2.
Chk2 Protein Level in Sporadic Breast Cancers
| Variable | Chk2 Protein Expression |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low N (%) | High N (%) | ||
| A) Pathological parameters | |||
| Tumor size | .483 | ||
| < 1 cm | 43 (8.6) | 111 (10.1) | |
| > 1-2 cm | 250 (50.2) | 290 (48.3) | |
| > 2-5 cm | 190 (38.2) | 224 (37.5) | |
| > 5 cm | 15 (3.0) | 15 (2.5) | |
| Tumor stage | .441 | ||
| 1 | 302 (60.4) | 383 (64.2) | |
| 2 | 151 (30.2) | 163 (27.3) | |
| 3 | 47 (9.4) | 51 (8.5) | |
| Tumor grade*⁎ | .144 | ||
| G2 | 140 (28.1) | 192 (32.2) | |
| G3 | 294 (59.0) | 317 (53.1) | |
| Mitotic index | .241 | ||
| M1 (low; mitoses < 10) | 144 (29.0) | 188 (31.6) | |
| M2 (medium; mitoses 10-18) | 88 (17.7) | 120 (20.2) | |
| M3 (high; mitosis > 18) | 264 (53.2) | 286 (48.1) | |
| Tubule formation | .912 | ||
| 1 (> 75% of definite tubule) | 21 (4.2) | 23 (3.9) | |
| 2 (10%-75% definite tubule) | 153 (30.8) | 189 (31.8) | |
| 3 (< 10% definite tubule) | 322 (64.9) | 382 (64.3) | |
| Pleomorphism | .070 | ||
| 1 (small-regular uniform) | 11 (2.2) | 12 (2.0) | |
| 2 (moderate variation) | 151 (30.4) | 220 (37.1) | |
| 3 (marked variation) | 334 (67.3) | 361 (60.9) | |
| Tumor type | .235 | ||
| IDC-NST | 274 (62.7) | 325 (63.5) | |
| Tubular carcinoma | 77 (17.6) | 90 (17.6) | |
| Medullary carcinoma | 18 (4.1) | 9 (1.8) | |
| ILC | 30 (6.9) | 44 (8.6) | |
| Others | 38 (8.7) | 44 (8.6) | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | .282 | ||
| No | 315 (64.3) | 397 (67.4) | |
| Yes | 175 (35.7) | 192 (32.6) | |
| B) Aggressive phenotype | |||
| Her2 overexpression | .017 | ||
| No | 410 (84.2) | 518 (89.2) | |
| Yes | 77 (15.8) | 63 (10.8) | |
| Triple-negative phenotype | .140 | ||
| No | 379 (78.0) | 475 (81.6) | |
| Yes | 107 (22.0) | 107 (18.4) | |
| Basal-like phenotype | .410 | ||
| No | 400 (85.5) | 492 (87.2) | |
| Yes | 68 (14.5) | 72 (12.8) | |
| CK6 | .970 | ||
| Negative | 353 (83.1) | 414 (83.0) | |
| Positive | 72 (16.9) | 85 (17.0) | |
| CK14 | .566 | ||
| Negative | 368 (86.6) | 434 (87.9) | |
| Positive | 57 (13.4) | 60 (12.1) | |
| CK18 | .271 | ||
| Negative | 49 (12.3) | 46 (10.0) | |
| Positive | 348 (87.7) | 415 (90.0) | |
| CK19 | .478 | ||
| Negative | 28 (6.7) | 39 (7.9) | |
| Positive | 392 (93.3) | 455 (92.1) | |
| C) Hormone receptors | |||
| ER | .008 | ||
| Negative | 163 (33.1) | 151 (25.7) | |
| Positive | 330 (66.9) | 437 (74.3) | |
| PgR | .006 | ||
| Negative | 232 (49.3) | 225 (40.7) | |
| Positive | 239 (50.7) | 328 (59.3) | |
| AR | .002 | ||
| Negative | 181 (45.5) | 165 (35.0) | |
| Positive | 217 (54.5) | 306 (65.0) | |
| D) DNA repair | |||
| BRCA1 | 2.1 × 10− 4 | ||
| Absent | 101 (27.7) | 69 (16.7) | |
| Normal | 263 (72.3) | 343 (83.3) | |
| XRCC1 | 2.2 × 10− 4 | ||
| Low | 86 (22.9) | 54 (12.9) | |
| High | 289 (77.1) | 364 (87.1) | |
| FEN1 | 2.1 × 10− 4 | ||
| Low | 287 (81.3) | 272 (69.6) | |
| High | 147 (18.7) | 119 (30.4) | |
| SMUG1 | .003 | ||
| Low | 155 (46.8) | 131 (35.6) | |
| High | 176 (53.2) | 237 (64.4) | |
| APE1 | 1.0 × 10− 6 | ||
| Low | 320 (68.7) | 220 (38.9) | |
| High | 146 (31.3) | 346 (61.1) | |
| PolB | 1.0 × 10− 6 | ||
| Low | 226 (48.9) | 173 (30.8) | |
| High | 236 (51.5) | 388 (69.2) | |
| ATM | .026 | ||
| Low | 188 (59.1) | 170 (50.4) | |
| High | 130 (40.9) | 167 (49.6) | |
| DNA-PKcs | 1.0 × 10− 6 | ||
| Low | 187 (45.2) | 134 (29.5) | |
| High | 226 (54.7) | 321 (70.5) | |
| E) Cell cycle/apoptosis regulators | |||
| P16 | .187 | ||
| Low | 294 (83.1) | 352 (86.5) | |
| High | 60 (16.9) | 55 (13.5) | |
| P21 | .192 | ||
| Low | 227 (61.5) | 238 (56.9) | |
| High | 142 (38.5) | 180 (43.1) | |
| MIB1 | .405 | ||
| Low | 164 (40.6) | 218 (43.3) | |
| High | 240 (59.4) | 285 (56.7) | |
| P53 | 0.856 | ||
| Low expression | 322 (78.5) | 373 (78.0) | |
| High expression | 88 (21.5) | 105 (22.0) | |
| Bcl-2 | .002 | ||
| Negative | 194 (43.3) | 176 (33.6) | |
| Positive | 254 (56.7) | 348 (66.4) | |
| TOP2A | 1.8 × 10− 5 | ||
| Low | 195 (53.7) | 166 (38.5) | |
| Overexpression | 168 (46.3) | 265 (61.5) | |
| Bax | .435 | ||
| Low | 200 (69.7) | 248 (72.5) | |
| High | 87 (30.3) | 94 (27.5) | |
| CDK1 | .547 | ||
| Low | 278 (69.8) | 292 (67.9) | |
| High | 120 (30.2) | 138 (32.1) | |
| MDM2 | .001 | ||
| Low | 279 (90.6) | 299 (81.7) | |
| Overexpression | 29 (9.4) | 67 (18.3) | |
Bold = statistically significant.
⁎
Grade as defined by Nottingham Grading System.