Table 3. Risk factors for attrition and mortality of patients starting ART in Karonga District, 2005-2012^*.

	Attrition			Mortality
Risk factor	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P-value	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P-value
Age			<0.001			NS
15-34 years	1.24 (1.12-1.37)	1.32 (1.19-1.46)		1.05 (0.91-1.21)	1.12 (0.97-1.29)
≥35 years	1	1		1	1
Gender			<0.001			<0.001
Male	1.39 (1.26-1.54)	1.49 (1.34-1.65)		1.54 (1.34-1.77)	1.61 (1.39-1.85)
Female	1	1		1	1
Distance from clinic			NS			NS
<5km	1	1		1	1
5 - <10km	0.95 (0.83-1.08)	1.04 (0.91-1.20)		0.85 (0.70-1.04)	0.98 (0.80-1.19)
10 - <25km	1.09 (0.96-1.24)	1.05 (0.92-1.19)		1.13 (0.94-1.35)	1.04 (0.86-1.24)
≥25km	1.64 (1.40-1.92)	1.04 (0.88-1.23)		1.95 (1.58-2.41)	0.98 (0.79-1.22)
Reason for starting ART			<0.001			<0.001
CD4 cell count criteria	1	1		1	1
WHO stage 3	1.91 (1.56-2.35)	1.60 (1.30-1.97)		2.23 (1.60-3.12)	1.69 (1.20-2.37)
WHO stage 4	3.98 (3.23-4.91)	2.51 (2.02-3.13)		6.65 (4.76-9.27)	3.27 (2.31-4.63)
Year of ART initiation			<0.001			<0.001
Per increasing calendar year	0.77 (0.75-0.79)	0.82 (0.79-0.84)		0.68 (0.66-0.71)	0.74 (0.71-0.77)

^*Complete data for 8,116 patients.

HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; NS: non-significant