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Constitutive PO measurement of haemolymph samples taken from naive offspring. (a) Offspring is categorized by the relationship to the primed male. None (n = 48); step (n = 46); genetic (n = 46); both (n = 48). (b) Offspring is categorized by mating order. None (n = 48); first (n = 46); second (n = 46); both (n = 48). Asterisks show significantly different PO between the priming treatments.
