Table 3.

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Study Participants with Functional Decline (as measured by HAQ-DI score increase of 0.1 or greater) at 1 Month, 3 Months, and 1 Year Postoperatively

Baseline Characteristics
Characteristics	Functional decline at 1 month (OR, 95% CI)	Functional decline at 3 months (OR, 95% CI)	Functional decline at 1 year (OR, 95% CI)
Age	1.07 (0.99–1.15)	1.02 (0.95–1.09)	1.03 (0.96–1.11)
Sex	3.05 (1.41–6.58)	2.23 (0.98–5.08)	1.17 (0.49–2.78)
ASA	1.29 (0.58–2.87)	3.41 (1.31–8.86)	1.41 (0.59–3.34)
Depression	2.04 (0.95–4.36)	1.5 (0.63–3.6)	1.5 (0.66–3.39)
Cancer	1.52 (0.68–3.39)	1.29 (0.58–2.89)	2.6 (1.14–5.96)
Smoker	1.67 (0.79–3.53)	3.15 (1.27–7.85)	1.04 (0.46–2.36)
Length of stay	1.13 (1.04–1.23)	1.09 (1.01–1.16)	1.01 (0.94–1.09)
Discharge to assisted facility	0.37 (0.06–2.08)	1.02 (0.2–5.09)	0.11 (0.01–1.35)
Postoperative complications	1.26 (0.52–3.03)	0.59 (0.21–1.62)	0.45 (0.18–1.15)
Laparoscopic procedures	1.89 (0.89–4.02)	0.47 (0.22–1.01)	1.46 (0.68–3.15)
DASI	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.99 (0.96–1.02)
Physical functional score*
Middle tertile	0.68 (0.28–1.66)	0.51 (0.19–1.36)	0.74 (0.29–1.92)
Highest tertile	0.67 (0.23–1.95)	0.45 (0.14–1.41)	0.66 (0.23–1.89)

HAQ-DI, Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; DASI, Duke Activity Status Index.

^*For physical functional score, the middle and highest tertile groups are compared against the lowest tertile group.