Figure 1. The effect on thermal paw withdrawal thresholds of acute administration of the COX inhibitor ketoprofen into the PAG, in the awake animal.

Data are shown as individual points, lines are medians and interquartile ranges before (filled) and after (white/crosshatched) ketoprofen (n = 8) or vehicle (n = 6) administration into the PAG (Kruskal–Wallis statistic = 18.45, P = 0.0004 followed by post hoc Dunn's tests, **P < 0.01, compared to both before ketoprofen and after vehicle).