Table 1.

Summary of multi-scale changes to the right ventricle under pressure overload

Scale	Change from Normo-to Hypertensive
Organ-level	Hemodynamic changes Chamber dilation Sphericalization of RV chamber shape
Tissue-level	Increased overall RVFW mass and volume Increased myo-and collagen fiber mass Increased myofiber mass density Decreased ECM mass density Longitudinal re-orientation of myo-and collagen fibers Increased myo-and collagen fiber degree of alignment Highly increased longitudinal stiffness Increased circumferential stiffness Increased mechanical coupling between axes Increased combined effective fiber ensemble (EFE) stiffness
Cellular/Fiber-level	Increased myofiber EFE stiffness Slightly decreased collagen-dominated EFE stiffness Little changes in relative recruitment strain