Table 1.
Characteristics of Residents with Advanced Dementia Using Statins at Baseline
| Characteristic | Overall N=10,212 | Residents using statins N=1,699 | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%)a | na | % | ||
| Mean Age, years (SD) | 85.0 (SD 7.3) | 83.1 (7.0) | n/a | .97 (.96, .98) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2,663 (26.1) | 529 | 19.9 | Referent |
| Female | 7,549 (73.9) | 1,170 | 15.5 | .93 (.81, 1.06) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, not Hispanic | 7,701 (75.4) | 1,221 | 15.9 | Referent |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 424 (4.2) | 95 | 22.4 | 1.04 (.79, 1.37) |
| Black, not Hispanic | 1,088 (10.7) | 205 | 18.4 | 1.03 (.84, 1.21) |
| Hispanic | 970 (9.5) | 169 | 17.4 | .91 (.74, 1.11) |
| Other | 29 (.3) | <10 | 31.0 | 2.04 (.89, 4.68) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Not currently married | 7,567 (74.1) | 1,189 | 15.7 | Referent |
| Currently Married | 2,645 (25.9) | 510 | 19.3 | 1.11 (.98, 1.27) |
| Medicaid | ||||
| No | 3,462 (33.9) | 563 | 16.3 | -- |
| Yes | 6,750 (66.1) | 1,136 | 16.8 | -- |
| State Residence | ||||
| California | 3,278 (32.1) | 578 | 17.6 | Referent |
| Florida | 2,686 (26.3) | 449 | 16.7 | .91 (.77, 1.07) |
| Massachusetts | 1,334 (13.1) | 67 | 17.1 | 1.17 (.97, 1.42) |
| Minnesota | 572 (5.6) | 377 | 11.7 | .77 (.57, 1.03) |
| Pennsylvania | 2,342 (22.9) | 2,342 | 16.1 | .93 (.79, 1.10) |
| Comorbid Conditions | ||||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 3,022 (29.6) | 714 | 23.6 | 1.24 (1.09, 1.40) |
| Heart Failure | 2,127 (20.8) | 397 | 18.7 | .89 (.78, 1.02) |
| Stroke/TIA | 2,489 (24.4) | 542 | 21.8 | 1.31 (1.16, 1.48) |
| Hypertension | 6,980 (68.4) | 1,318 | 18.9 | 1.35 (1.18, 1.54) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 1,475 (14.4) | 254 | 17.2 | -- |
| Cardiac Dysrhythmia | 1,668 (16.3) | 298 | 17.9 | -- |
| Renal Failure | 1,126 (11.0) | 215 | 19.1 | .92 (.77, 1.09) |
| Cancer | 768 (7.5) | 139 | 18.1 | |
| Mental Health Diagnoses | ||||
| Depression | 4,928 (48.3) | 892 | 18.1 | 1.05 (.94, 1.18) |
| Anxiety | 2,153 (21.1) | 348 | 16.2 | -- |
| Bipolar | 249 (2.4) | 48 | 19.3 | -- |
| Schizophrenia | 291 (2.9) | 57 | 19.6 | -- |
| Behavioral Index Score | ||||
| 0 | 7,856 (76.9) | 1,304 | 16.6 | -- |
| 1-2 | 2,356 (23.1) | 395 | 16.8 | -- |
| Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score | ||||
| < 28 | 4,437 (43.4) | 760 | 17.1 | -- |
| 28 | 5,775 (56.6) | 939 | 16.3 | -- |
| Feeding tube | 2379 (23.3) | 389 | 16.4 | -- |
| Advance Directive | ||||
| Living Will | 2,013 (19.7) | 343 | 17.0 | -- |
| DNR | 6,983 (68.4) | 1,089 | 15.6 | 1.02 (.90, 1.17) |
| DNH | 1,266 (12.4) | 168 | 13.3 | .87 (.72, 1.07) |
| Feeding restrictionb | 2,126 (20.8) | 310 | 14.6 | 1.05 (.87, 1.24) |
| Medication restrictionc | 733 (7.2) | 90 | 12.3 | .81 (.63, 1.07) |
| Hospice (vs not) | 1,721 (16.9) | 239 | 13.9 | .75 (.64, .89) |
| Mean medication use, # (SD) | 7.07 (SD 4.8) | 10.3 (SD 4.8) | n/a | 1.16 (1.15, 1.18) |
| Hospitalized <30 days prior to baseline (vs none) | 3,994 (39.1) | 748 | 44.0 | 1.03 (.92, 1.17) |
“--” not significant at p<.05 level in unadjusted analysis.Bold indicates significant at p<.05 level. Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, state of residence, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, stroke/TIA, hypertension, renal failure, depression, DNR, DNH, feeding restriction, medication restriction, hospice enrollment, medication use (#), hospitalization < 30 days of baseline
Unless otherwise noted
Feeding Restrictions – The resident or responsible party (family or legal guardian) does not wish the resident to be fed by artificial means (e.g. tube, intervention nutrition) if unable to be nourished by oral means.
Medication Restrictions- The resident or responsible party (family or legal guardian) does not wish the resident to receive life-sustaining medications (e.g., antibiotics, chemotherapy).