Table 2.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Cox Models for Time to Statin Discontinuation after Decline to Advanced Dementia (n=1671, including 28 statin discontinuations on entry)
| Characteristic | Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Age, years | 1.00 (.99, 1.01) | -- |
| Female sex (vs male) | .88 (.74, 1.04) | -- |
| Race/Ethnicity (vs White) | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.03 (.47, 3.35) | .97 (.67, 1.41) |
| Black, not Hispanic | .98 (.77, 1.26) | .90 (.70, 1.16) |
| Hispanic | 1.28 (1.00, 1.65) | 1.13 (.87, 1.46) |
| American Indian/Alaskan | 1.25 (.47, 3.35) | 1.47 (.54, 3.98) |
| Currently Married (vs not currently married) | 1.12 (.94, 1.32) | -- |
| Medicaid (vs not) | .71 (.60, .83) | .80 (.68, .95) |
| State Residence (vs California) | ||
| Florida | 1.29 (1.05, 1.57) | 1.30 (1.06, 1.60) |
| Massachusetts | 1.01 (.78, 1.30) | 1.21 (.93, 1.59) |
| Minnesota | 1.07 (.68, 1.67) | 1.20 (.76, 1.90) |
| Pennsylvania | .84 (.67, 1.05) | .95 (.75, 1.21) |
| Comorbid Conditions | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | .98 (.83, 1.15) | -- |
| Heart Failure | 1.18 (.98, 1.43) | -- |
| Stroke/TIA | 1.16 (.98, 1.37) | -- |
| Hypertension | 1.11 (.91, 1.35) | -- |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 1.04 (.84, 1.30) | -- |
| Cardiac Dysrhythmia | 1.08 (.87, 1.33) | -- |
| Renal Failure | 1.29 (1.02, 1.64) | 1.14 (.89, 1.45) |
| Cancer | 1.53 (1.17, 1.99) | 1.52 (1.16, 1.98) |
| Mental Health Diagnoses | ||
| Depression | 1.02 (.87, 1.19) | -- |
| Anxiety | 1.12 (.93, 1.36) | -- |
| Bipolar | 1.00 (.62, 1.62) | -- |
| Schizophrenia | .72 (.45, 1.17) | -- |
| Behavioral Index Score (vs 0) | ||
| 1-2 | .92 (.86, 1.11) | -- |
| Activities of Daily Living score (vs< 28) 28 | 1.14 (.97, 1.34) | -- |
| Feeding tube | .81 (.67, .97) | .96 (.78, 1.18) |
| Advance Directive | ||
| Living Will | .99 (.81, 1.21) | -- |
| DNR | .85 (.72, 1.00) | .91 (.77, 1.08) |
| DNH | 1.08 (.81, 1.44) | -- |
| Feeding restrictiona | .87 (.70, 1.09) | -- |
| Medication restrictionb | .99 (.69, 1.44) | -- |
| Hospice (vs not enrolled in hospice) | 1.12 (.86, 1.46) | |
| Mean medication useat baseline, # | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) |
| Hospitalization<30 days prior to baseline (vs none) | 1.83 (1.56, 2.14) | 1.67 (1.40, 1.99) |
“--” not significant at p<.05 level in unadjusted analysis.Bold indicates significant at p<.05 level.
a
Feeding Restrictions – The resident or responsible party (family or legal guardian) does not wish the resident to be fed by artificial means (e.g. tube, intervention nutrition) if unable to be nourished by oral means.
b
Medication Restrictions- The resident or responsible party (family or legal guardian) does not wish the resident to receive life-sustaining medications (e.g., antibiotics, chemotherapy).