Table 11.
Estimations of the incubation durations to overt clinical conditions for diseases/conditions caused by physical inactivity and of the percentage reductions in diseases primarily prevented by physical activity (where sufficient information exists in healthy humans aged 20–65 yrs of age).
| Disease/condition | Inactivity causes (Longer-term most days of the week implies years or decades while short-term is weeks to months) | Exercise primarily prevents\delays * Just meet guidelines for moderate activity (30 min/day), not intent-treat. ** Our speculated asymptote for maximum in dose-response ~ Indicates our speculated percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Premature death | Long-term increase | Yes, 30% reduction |
| VO2max (CRF) | 30-yr acceleration in loss | Yes, **Aerobic activity delays 30 yrs |
| Sarcopenia | 24-yr acceleration to reach | Yes, **Resistance activity delays 24 yrs |
| Metabolic syndrome | Long-term increase | Yes, *20–30%; **80% |
| Obesity | Long-term increase | Yes, *20–30%; **~80% |
| Insulin resistance | Increase in 2–3 days | Yes, * ~80%; **~95% |
| Prediabetes | Intermediate-term increase | Yes, * ~80%; **~95% |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Long-term increase | Yes, * ~80%; **~95% (<60 yrs old) |
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Long-term increase | Yes, * ~80%; **~95% |
| Coronary heart disease | Long-term increase | Yes, *20%; **50% |
| Peripheral artery disease | Long-term increase | Yes, *20%; **50% |
| Hypertension | Long-term increase | Yes, 2.3-mm Hg lower diastolic blood pressure in hypertension translates into an estimated 12% and 24% increased risks for CHD and stroke, respectively |
| Stroke | Long-term increase | Yes, *25%; **35% |
| Congestive heart failure | Long-term increase | Yes, ~Should be major percentage |
| Endothelial dysfunction | Increase in hours | Yes, Asymptote should approach 90% |
| Atherogenic dysfunction | Long-term increase | Yes, ~Should be major percentage |
| Hemostasis | Shorter-term increase | Yes, ~Should be minor percentage |
| Deep vein thrombosis | Increase in hours | Yes, close to 100% |
| Dementia | Long-term increase | Yes, *35% |
| Depression and anxiety | Shorter-term increase | Yes, *20–30% (depression); *30% (anxiety) |
| Osteoporosis | Long-term maintenance | Yes, ~Should be major percentage |
| Balance | Shorter-term loss | Yes, ~Should be major percentage |
| Bone fracture/falls | Long-term increase in old | Yes, *35–60% (hip fractures) *30% (falls) |
| Colon cancer | Long-term increase | Yes, *40% |
| Breast cancer | Long-term increase | Yes, *25% |
| Endometrial cancer | Long-term increase | Yes, *30% |
| Gestational diabetes | Increase in weeks | Yes, ~ occurrence strengthens with predisposing genes |
| Preeclampsia | Increase in weeks | Yes, insufficient information |
| Erectile dysfunction | Long-term increase | Yes, Asymptote should approach 90% |
| Diverticulitis | Long-term increase | Yes. Insufficient information |
| Constipation | Increase in days | Yes, Asymptote should approach 100% |
| Gallbladder diseases | Long-term increase | Yes, insufficient information |