Table 2.

Identified mechanisms of specificity of NDV for tumor cells

Mechanism	Cellular defects	Ref.
Defects in activation of antiviral signaling pathways	Defects in activation of RIG-I, IRF-3, IRF-7	[46,85,86,88]
Defects in type I IFN signaling pathway	Deletion of IFNR1, decreased phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, decreased expression of ISG’s	[46,84,87]
Defects in apoptotic pathways	Overexpression of Bcl-xL, overexpression of Livin	[63,89]
Activation of Ras signaling and expression of Rac1 protein	Overexpression of oncogenic H-Ras and Rho GTPase Rac1	[90]

IFN: interferon, RIG-I: retinoic acid-inducible gene I, IRF: interferon regulatory factor, IFNR1: interferon receptor 1, STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription, ISG: interferon-stimulated gene