Table 3.
Amino acid arterial concentrations and A − V differences found in stroke patients and matched healthy subjects.
| Amino acid profiles (µmol/L) | Healthy subjects (n = 8) | Stroke (n = 38) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspartate | |||
| A | 98.1 ± 40.6 | 16.6 ± 6.7 | P = 0.001 |
| A − V | − 0.3 ± 14.3 | 0.55 ± 4.7 | P = 0.9 |
| Glutamate | |||
| A | 198.7 ± 10.6 | 195.5 ± 137.3 | P = 0.9 |
| A − V | − 7.5 ± 21 | − 6.5 ± 55.9 | P = 0.8 |
| Histidine | |||
| A | 58 ± 5.1 | 55.5 ± 10.3 | P = 0.7 |
| A − V | − 0.4 ± 5 | − 6.1 ± 8.7 | P = 0.3 |
| Asparagine | |||
| A | 61 ± 1.1 | 35.5 ± 10.5 | P < 0.001 |
| A − V | 4.9 ± 5.5 | − 4.3 ± 6.6 | P = 0.002 |
| Serine | |||
| A | 88.4 ± 4.3 | 108 ± 35.7 | P = 0.025 |
| A − V | − 2.4 ± 6.4 | 1.5 ± 24.6 | P = 0.6 |
| Glutamine | |||
| A | 464.8 ± 14 | 323.5 ± 184.2 | P = 0.003 |
| A − V | − 2.4 ± 23 | − 18.2 ± 67.2 | P = 0.2 |
| Arginine | |||
| A | 59.3 ± 7.6 | 89.1 ± 69.42 | P = 0.6 |
| A − V | 7.3 ± 19.5 | 18 ± 62.4 | P = 0.3 |
| Citrulline | |||
| A | 24.2 ± 3.8 | 30.3 ± 14 | P = 0.7 |
| A − V | − 0.9 ± 5.6 | 1.2 ± 7.3 | P = 0.5 |
| Glycine | |||
| A | 268.3 ± 12 | 239.3 ± 60.9 | P = 0.8 |
| A − V | 9.9 ± 29.9 | − 19.4 ± 41.8 | P = 0.2 |
| *Threonine | |||
| A | 106.6 ± 11 | 120.4 ± 41.5 | P = 0.8 |
| A − V | − 0.8 ± 14.8 | − 12.2 ± 10.5 | P = 0.029 |
| Alanine | |||
| A | 312.6 ± 15.7 | 259.3 ± 84 | P = 0.012 |
| A − V | − 15 ± 20.5 | − 68.5 ± 40.4 | P = 0.002 |
| Taurine | |||
| A | 125.8 ± 9.7 | 55.6 ± 23.1 | P < 0.001 |
| A − V | 8.1 ± 12.9 | − 34 ± 23 | P < 0.001 |
| Tyrosine | |||
| A | 56.3 ± 6.1 | 57.4 ± 21.3 | P = 0.9 |
| A − V | 4.5 ± 9.1 | − 2.75 ± 11 | P = 0.4 |
| ∗°Valine | |||
| A | 155 ± 12.5 | 229.4 ± 47.7 | P = 0.005 |
| A − V | 4.4 ± 18.9 | − 15.5 ± 16.6 | P = 0.064 |
| *Methionine | |||
| A | 10.75 ± 1.7 | 35.1 ± 6.6 | P < 0.001 |
| A − V | 0.7 ± 1.9 | − 0.3 ± 4.9 | P = 0.5 |
| *Tryptophan | |||
| A | 51.1 ± 4.6 | 33.9 ± 7.8 | P < 0.001 |
| A − V | − 0.5 ± 7.6 | − 3.7 ± 4.1 | P = 0.5 |
| *Phenylalanine | |||
| A | 46.3 ± 5.7 | 67.4 ± 26.6 | P = 0.037 |
| A − V | 0.3 ± 6.6 | − 6.9 ± 8.1 | P < 0.03 |
| ∗°Isoleucine | |||
| A | 45.8 ± 5 | 76 ± 17.7 | P < 0.001 |
| A − V | 1.1 ± 5.7 | − 6.4 ± 8.5 | P = 0.5 |
| ∗°Leucine | |||
| A | 78.13 ± 6.35 | 135.6 ± 36.4 | P < 0.001 |
| A − V | 0.38 ± 7.2 | − 18.8 ± 33.3 | P = 0.02 |
| Ornithine | |||
| A | 56.4 ± 6.4 | 60.9 ± 20.9 | P = 0.8 |
| A − V | 1 ± 10.5 | − 10.1 ± 8.7 | P = 0.01 |
| *Lysine | |||
| A | 115.8 ± 11 | 201.4 ± 71.6 | P < 0.001 |
| A − V | − 1.3 ± 16.7 | − 12.6 ± 53 | P = 0.4 |
| Total amino acids | |||
| A | 24.81 ± 60.5 | 2425.7 ± 601 | P = 0.2 |
| A − V | 13.24 ± 78.1 | − 225 ± 267.6 | P = 0.6 |
| *EAAs | |||
| A | 609.4 ± 18.9 | 899.2 ± 194.1 | P = 0.5 |
| A − V | 4.3 ± 21.2 | − 76.4 ± 167 | P = 0.3 |
| °BCAAs | |||
| A | 279 ± 13.2 | 441 ± 88.4 | P = 0.2 |
| A − V | 5.9 ± 25.7 | − 40.7 ± 59 | P = 0.09 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis: unpaired t-test.
*Essential amino acids (EAAs); °branched chain amino acids (BCAAs).