Table 4.
Amino acid arterial concentrations and A − V differences found in the two patient subgroups randomized to receive treatment (EAAs) or placebo, both at admission and discharge from rehabilitation.
| Amino acid profiles (µmol/L) | Admission | Discharge | ∧Trend over time (P level) interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo (n = 19) | EAAs (n = 19) |
§ P value | Placebo (n = 19) | EAAs (n = 19) |
||
| Aspartate | ||||||
| A | 16.27 ± 7.3 | 17.11 ± 6.4 | P = 0.1 | 17.3 ± 6 | 17.5 ± 10.6 | P = 0.1 |
| A − V | 1 ± 5.2 | 0.01 ± 4.3 | P = 0.2 | − 2 ± 4.3 | 2.8 ± 5.5 | P = 0.04 |
| Glutamate | ||||||
| A | 207 ± 153.5 | 181.6 ± 122 | P = 0.2 | 171.1 ± 102.3 | 150 ± 102.8 | P = 0.3 |
| A − V | − 12.7 ± 71.3 | 1.1 ± 31 | P = 0.5 | − 14.7 ± 35 | 4.7 ± 37.4 | P = 0.8 |
| Histidine | ||||||
| A | 59.36 ± 10.8 | 50.9 ± 8 | P = 0.1 | 59.2 ± 11.8 | 68.9 ± 13.6 | P = 0.7 |
| A − V | − 4.6 ± 9.3 | − 8 ± 8 | P = 0.4 | − 7.7 ± 4.8 | − 1.4 ± 6.2 | P = 0.02 |
| Asparagine | ||||||
| A | 39 ± 7.7 | 38 ± 13.5 | P = 0.1 | 35.4 ± 5.4 | 43.1 ± 10.4 | P = 0.05 |
| A − V | − 2.8 ± 5.4 | − 6 ± 7.8 | P = 0.7 | − 5.2 ± 3.5 | − 1.1 ± 4.2 | P = 0.03 |
| Serine | ||||||
| A | 115 ± 42.9 | 99.3 ± 24.1 | P = 0.1 | 107.8 ± 30.2 | 119 ± 40.6 | P = 0.9 |
| A − V | 0.9 ± 25 | 2.22 ± 25.5 | P = 0.6 | − 1.3 ± 19.6 | 15.2 ± 31.1 | P = 0.5 |
| Glutamine | ||||||
| A | 323.3 ± 192.8 | 323.8 ± 184.8 | P = 0.4 | 378 ± 131.6 | 463.6 ± 99 | P = 0.4 |
| A − V | 6.6 ± 75.5 | − 48.4 ± 41.7 | P = 0.07 | − 10.8 ± 69.6 | − 22.6 ± 31.6 | P = 0.07 |
| 3-Methylhistidine | ||||||
| A | 3 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 1 | P = 0.2 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | P = 0.2 |
| A − V | 0.3 ± 1.1 | − 0.1 ± 0.1 | P = 0.2 | − 0.2 ± 1.1 | − 0.03 ± 1.1 | P = 0.1 |
| Arginine | ||||||
| A | 103.7 ± 86.2 | 71.2 ± 38.8 | P = 0.3 | 98.4 ± 57.1 | 104.9 ± 65.2 | P = 0.08 |
| A − V | 30.6 ± 81.6 | 2.7 ± 20.9 | P = 0.5 | 10.8 ± 61.7 | 40.4 ± 62.1 | P = 0.07 |
| Citrulline | ||||||
| A | 33.7 ± 12.2 | 26.1 ± 15.7 | P = 0.2 | 35.7 ± 13.7 | 35.6 ± 21.1 | P = 0.4 |
| A − V | 2.3 ± 9.6 | − 0.2 ± 3.2 | P = 0.5 | − 3 ± 5.6 | 0.3 ± 1.3 | P = 0.09 |
| Glycine | ||||||
| A | 243.6 ± 71.7 | 233.9 ± 48.1 | P = 0.2 | 240.9 ± 40.4 | 308.1 ± 9 | P = 0.08 |
| A − V | − 7.4 ± 48.9 | − 34 ± 26.8 | P = 0.8 | − 38.1 ± 21.3 | − 9.3 ± 24.5 | P = 0.01 |
| *Threonine | ||||||
| A | 113.3 ± 19.5 | 129 ± 58.9 | P = 0.2 | 131.8 ± 52.6 | 157.7 ± 54.6 | P = 0.5 |
| A − V | − 11.5 ± 8.6 | − 13 ± 12.9 | P = 0.2 | − 10.5 ± 16.2 | 2.4 ± 15.5 | P = 0.09 |
| Alanine | ||||||
| A | 242.3 ± 78.2 | 280.1 ± 90.8 | P = 0.1 | 274.7 ± 76.1 | 365.5 ± 61.6 | P = 0.6 |
| A − V | − 70.5 ± 27 | − 66 ± 54.4 | P = 0.2 | − 58.9 ± 68.7 | − 33 ± 50.2 | P = 0.08 |
| Taurine | ||||||
| A | 61.8 ± 20.7 | 4 ± 24.8 | P = 0.08 | 43.7 ± 5.9 | 37.3 ± 16.2 | P = 0.09 |
| A − V | − 33 ± 29.5 | − 35.3 ± 13.2 | P = 0.3 | − 52 ± 21.4 | − 27.1 ± 13.6 | P = 0.006 |
| Tyrosine | ||||||
| A | 56.5 ± 10.9 | 58.4 ± 30.4 | P = 0.1 | 49.2 ± 14.8 | 62.1 ± 27.2 | P = 0.8 |
| A − V | − 4.5 ± 5.5 | − 0.7 ± 15.6 | P = 0.4 | − 4.8 ± 2.7 | 1.9 ± 7.8 | P = 0.03 |
| ∗°Valine | ||||||
| A | 265.7 ± 39.8 | 202.3 ± 33.7 | P = 0.4 | 198.7 ± 49.1 | 248.5 ± 31.8 | P = 0.6 |
| A − V | − 12.5 ± 20.5 | − 17 ± 17.6 | P = 0.07 | − 18 ± 12.7 | 0.05 ± 21.2 | P = 0.7 |
| *Methionine | ||||||
| A | 36 ± 8.7 | 34.5 ± 5.9 | P = 0.2 | 27.7 ± 16.8 | 26 ± 2.8 | P = 0.5 |
| A − V | 0.5 ± 0.7 | − 0.8 ± 6.3 | P = 0.3 | 3.5 ± 14.8 | − 2 ± 2.8 | P = 0.7 |
| *Tryptophan | ||||||
| A | 35 ± 8.1 | 32.4 ± 7.7 | P = 0.1 | 33.1 ± 8.4 | 36.1 ± 9.1 | P = 0.8 |
| A − V | − 3.1 ± 4.6 | − 4.3 ± 3.7 | P = 0.2 | − 3.3 ± 3.3 | − 0.4 ± 6.1 | P = 0.3 |
| *Phenylalanine | ||||||
| A | 69.7 ± 21.9 | 64.4 ± 32.5 | P = 0.1 | 51.4 ± 11.1 | 56.7 ± 11.8 | P = 0.5 |
| A − V | − 6.9 ± 7.6 | − 6.8 ± 9.1 | P = 0.1 | − 6 ± 4.4 | 0.9 ± 7.6 | P = 0.02 |
| ∗°Isoleucine | ||||||
| A | 81.9 ± 12.2 | 68.8 ± 21.2 | P = 0.3 | 85.4 ± 65.6 | 111.5 ± 73.1 | P = 0.09 |
| A − V | − 6.4 ± 22 | − 6.3 ± 14.5 | P = 0.1 | 6 ± 28.3 | 11.6 ± 17.6 | P = 0.5 |
| ∗°Leucine | ||||||
| A | 148.6 ± 30.8 | 119.6 ± 38 | P = 0.07 | 149.6 ± 134.2 | 191.7 ± 119.1 | P = 0.4 |
| A − V | − 13.8 ± 28 | − 24.2 ± 39.2 | P = 0.5 | 7.7 ± 16.4 | 11.7 ± 26.4 | P = 0.8 |
| Ornithine | ||||||
| A | 63.7 ± 12.6 | 58.1 ± 27.4 | P = 0.5 | 56 ± 13.9 | 57.3 ± 22.8 | P = 0.8 |
| A − V | − 13.4 ± 9.3 | − 6.7 ± 7 | P = 0.09 | − 17.6 ± 17.6 | − 2.1 ± 21 | P = 0.08 |
| *Lysine | ||||||
| A | 205.3 ± 77 | 196.7 ± 68.6 | P = 0.7 | 209.6 ± 95.6 | 248.2 ± 124 | P = 0.8 |
| A − V | − 8.3 ± 67.2 | − 17.8 ± 31.3 | P = 0.6 | − 1.9 ± 64.3 | 58.3 ± 122.1 | P = 0.7 |
| Total-amino acids | ||||||
| A | 2523.7 ± 331.8 | 2292.4 ± 472.7 | P = 0.3 | 2457.1 ± 826.8 | 2747 ± 465.9 | P = 0.02 |
| A − V | − 169.2 ± 25.6 | − 289.6 ± 18 | P = 0.5 | − 63.8 ± 25.7 | 51.2 ± 23.5 | P = 0.05 |
| *EAAs | ||||||
| A | 956 ± 103 | 848 ± 242 | P = 0.5 | 887.3 ± 254 | 1076.4 ± 295 | P = 0.05 |
| A − V | − 62 ± 20 | − 90.2 ± 16.9 | P = 0.3 | − 22.5 ± 20 | 82.6 ± 27.4 | P = 0.01 |
| °BCAAs | ||||||
| A | 493.6 ± 57.3 | 391 ± 84.5 | P = 0.5 | 433.7 ± 213.9 | 552 ± 225.9 | P = 0.09 |
| A − V | − 32.7 ± 23.5 | − 47.5 ± 23.8 | P = 0.6 | − 4.3 ± 19 | 23.35 ± 21.7 | P = 0.05 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis: §unpaired t-test; ∧repeated measures analysis of variance. Trend over time: interaction differences in trends between groups. *Essential amino acids (EAAs); °branched chain amino acids (BCAAs).